This review focuses on the recent advancements in hydrogel-based movable wound dressings and their potential to accelerate wound healing in movable parts such as elbows, wrists, ankles, and necks. Hydrogels are favored due to their rapid hemostasis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The review highlights the mechanical properties, bioadhesive performance, and bioactivities of these hydrogels.
**Mechanical Properties:**
Hydrogels must have excellent mechanical properties to withstand frequent movements and maintain adhesion. Chemical crosslinking methods, such as Schiff base reactions, enhance mechanical stability and strength. Physical crosslinking, using hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, provides easy recovery and reconstruction. A combination of chemical and physical crosslinking offers the best of both worlds, with enhanced flexibility and self-healing capabilities.
**Bioadhesive Performance:**
Hydrogels with strong adhesion to skin tissues are crucial for movable wounds. Examples include DMT hydrogels, which exhibit high adhesion strength and tissue compatibility, and iGx/PHMGy hydrogels, which improve adhesion through ionized carboxyl and urea groups. These hydrogels effectively stop bleeding and promote cell proliferation.
**Bioactivities:**
Hydrogel-based movable wound dressings can be designed with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Cationic polymers, antibiotics, and nanomaterials (e.g., Ag NPs, Zn2+, and photothermal agents) are used to enhance antibacterial activity. Antioxidant properties are often achieved through catechol groups or nanoparticles like cuttlefish melanin. These dressings can reduce oxidative stress and promote wound healing.
**Challenges and Perspectives:**
Despite their advantages, hydrogel-based movable wound dressings face challenges such as maintaining long-term stability and effectiveness under dynamic conditions. Future research should focus on improving mechanical properties, enhancing antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and optimizing drug delivery systems. The combination of chemical and physical crosslinking is expected to be a promising approach for developing advanced wound dressings.This review focuses on the recent advancements in hydrogel-based movable wound dressings and their potential to accelerate wound healing in movable parts such as elbows, wrists, ankles, and necks. Hydrogels are favored due to their rapid hemostasis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The review highlights the mechanical properties, bioadhesive performance, and bioactivities of these hydrogels.
**Mechanical Properties:**
Hydrogels must have excellent mechanical properties to withstand frequent movements and maintain adhesion. Chemical crosslinking methods, such as Schiff base reactions, enhance mechanical stability and strength. Physical crosslinking, using hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, provides easy recovery and reconstruction. A combination of chemical and physical crosslinking offers the best of both worlds, with enhanced flexibility and self-healing capabilities.
**Bioadhesive Performance:**
Hydrogels with strong adhesion to skin tissues are crucial for movable wounds. Examples include DMT hydrogels, which exhibit high adhesion strength and tissue compatibility, and iGx/PHMGy hydrogels, which improve adhesion through ionized carboxyl and urea groups. These hydrogels effectively stop bleeding and promote cell proliferation.
**Bioactivities:**
Hydrogel-based movable wound dressings can be designed with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Cationic polymers, antibiotics, and nanomaterials (e.g., Ag NPs, Zn2+, and photothermal agents) are used to enhance antibacterial activity. Antioxidant properties are often achieved through catechol groups or nanoparticles like cuttlefish melanin. These dressings can reduce oxidative stress and promote wound healing.
**Challenges and Perspectives:**
Despite their advantages, hydrogel-based movable wound dressings face challenges such as maintaining long-term stability and effectiveness under dynamic conditions. Future research should focus on improving mechanical properties, enhancing antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and optimizing drug delivery systems. The combination of chemical and physical crosslinking is expected to be a promising approach for developing advanced wound dressings.