This review provides an overview of hydrogen adsorption in porous geological materials, focusing on clay minerals, shale, and coal. It discusses the factors influencing hydrogen adsorption, such as pore structure, surface area, and the presence of other gases like CO₂ and CH₄. The study highlights that hydrogen adsorption in these materials is primarily governed by physical adsorption, following the Langmuir adsorption equation. Adsorption capacity increases with pressure and decreases with temperature. Pore characteristics, including specific surface area, micropore volume, and pore size, significantly affect hydrogen adsorption. Micropores play a crucial role in hydrogen adsorption due to their high surface area and ability to interact with multiple pore walls, increasing adsorption enthalpy. The review also discusses the potential of these materials for large-scale hydrogen storage, emphasizing their cost-effectiveness, abundance, and environmental safety. It concludes that while clay minerals, shale, and coal have significant hydrogen adsorption capacities, the presence of other gases can affect hydrogen storage efficiency. The study suggests that modifications to these materials, such as chemical or physical treatments, can enhance their hydrogen storage capabilities. The review also highlights the importance of understanding the adsorption mechanisms and factors influencing hydrogen storage in these materials to develop efficient and sustainable hydrogen storage solutions.This review provides an overview of hydrogen adsorption in porous geological materials, focusing on clay minerals, shale, and coal. It discusses the factors influencing hydrogen adsorption, such as pore structure, surface area, and the presence of other gases like CO₂ and CH₄. The study highlights that hydrogen adsorption in these materials is primarily governed by physical adsorption, following the Langmuir adsorption equation. Adsorption capacity increases with pressure and decreases with temperature. Pore characteristics, including specific surface area, micropore volume, and pore size, significantly affect hydrogen adsorption. Micropores play a crucial role in hydrogen adsorption due to their high surface area and ability to interact with multiple pore walls, increasing adsorption enthalpy. The review also discusses the potential of these materials for large-scale hydrogen storage, emphasizing their cost-effectiveness, abundance, and environmental safety. It concludes that while clay minerals, shale, and coal have significant hydrogen adsorption capacities, the presence of other gases can affect hydrogen storage efficiency. The study suggests that modifications to these materials, such as chemical or physical treatments, can enhance their hydrogen storage capabilities. The review also highlights the importance of understanding the adsorption mechanisms and factors influencing hydrogen storage in these materials to develop efficient and sustainable hydrogen storage solutions.