10 February 2024 | Reinhard Rauch, Yohannes Kiros, Klas Engvall, Efthymios Kantarelis, Paulo Brito, Catarina Nobre, Santa Margarida Santos, Philipp A. Graefe
This paper reviews recent advancements in the gasification of waste materials, including municipal solid waste (MSW), tires, and plastic waste, for the production of hydrogen. Gasification is highlighted as an attractive alternative to produce renewable hydrogen from waste, with a productivity range of 15 to 300 g H₂/kg feedstock. The review covers suitable gasification processes and suitable gas treatment methods, including direct and indirect (chemical looping) concepts. The authors emphasize the potential of gasification to produce high-purity hydrogen and syngas, but also highlight the need for regulations and subsidies to bring the technology into the market. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in gasifying different waste types, such as the impact of moisture content, particle size, heating rate, and residence time on hydrogen yield. Catalysts and sorbents are also explored as solutions to improve tar removal and hydrogen production. The review concludes by discussing the potential of gasification in waste-to-energy (WtE) and waste-to-hydrogen (WtH) processes, emphasizing the environmental and economic benefits of utilizing waste as a renewable energy source.This paper reviews recent advancements in the gasification of waste materials, including municipal solid waste (MSW), tires, and plastic waste, for the production of hydrogen. Gasification is highlighted as an attractive alternative to produce renewable hydrogen from waste, with a productivity range of 15 to 300 g H₂/kg feedstock. The review covers suitable gasification processes and suitable gas treatment methods, including direct and indirect (chemical looping) concepts. The authors emphasize the potential of gasification to produce high-purity hydrogen and syngas, but also highlight the need for regulations and subsidies to bring the technology into the market. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in gasifying different waste types, such as the impact of moisture content, particle size, heating rate, and residence time on hydrogen yield. Catalysts and sorbents are also explored as solutions to improve tar removal and hydrogen production. The review concludes by discussing the potential of gasification in waste-to-energy (WtE) and waste-to-hydrogen (WtH) processes, emphasizing the environmental and economic benefits of utilizing waste as a renewable energy source.