Hydrogen storage and geo-methanation in a depleted underground hydrocarbon reservoir

Hydrogen storage and geo-methanation in a depleted underground hydrocarbon reservoir

16 February 2024 | Cathrine Hellerschmied, Johanna Schritter, Niels Waldmann, Artur B. Zaduryan, Lydia Rachbauer, Kerstin E. Scherr, Anitha Andiappan, Stephan Bauer, Markus Pichler, Andreas P. Loibner
This study investigates the feasibility of storing hydrogen (H₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir (DHR) for geo-methanation, a process that converts H₂ and CO₂ into methane (CH₄). The field trial involved injecting a mixture of natural gas and H₂ into the Lehen DHR over 96 days, followed by a 112-day shut-in period, and then withdrawing the gas over 76 days. After 285 days, 84.3% of the injected H₂ was recovered, indicating the technical feasibility of H₂ storage in DHRs. Laboratory experiments using reservoir-mimicking mesocosms demonstrated that H₂ and CO₂ can be converted to CH₄ at a rate of 0.26 mmol l⁻¹ h⁻¹ over 357 days, equivalent to 114,648 m³ of CH₄ per year (~1.08 GWh). The study also found that methanogens, particularly hydrogenotrophic methanogens, were responsible for the geo-methanation process, as evidenced by stable isotope analysis and molecular methods. The results suggest that DHRs can serve as effective large-scale geo-methanation sites, providing a storable energy carrier compatible with existing infrastructure, and potentially contributing to a net-zero carbon emissions future.This study investigates the feasibility of storing hydrogen (H₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir (DHR) for geo-methanation, a process that converts H₂ and CO₂ into methane (CH₄). The field trial involved injecting a mixture of natural gas and H₂ into the Lehen DHR over 96 days, followed by a 112-day shut-in period, and then withdrawing the gas over 76 days. After 285 days, 84.3% of the injected H₂ was recovered, indicating the technical feasibility of H₂ storage in DHRs. Laboratory experiments using reservoir-mimicking mesocosms demonstrated that H₂ and CO₂ can be converted to CH₄ at a rate of 0.26 mmol l⁻¹ h⁻¹ over 357 days, equivalent to 114,648 m³ of CH₄ per year (~1.08 GWh). The study also found that methanogens, particularly hydrogenotrophic methanogens, were responsible for the geo-methanation process, as evidenced by stable isotope analysis and molecular methods. The results suggest that DHRs can serve as effective large-scale geo-methanation sites, providing a storable energy carrier compatible with existing infrastructure, and potentially contributing to a net-zero carbon emissions future.
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