This review article by Sunandan Baruah and Joydeep Dutta from the Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, provides a comprehensive overview of the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures. The authors highlight the simplicity and environmental friendliness of the hydrothermal method, which is widely used for synthesizing various forms of ZnO nanostructures. The review covers the conditions necessary for growing different types of ZnO nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, and flower-like structures. It also discusses the role of surfactants and templates in controlling the morphology and growth of these nanostructures. Additionally, the article explores the doping of ZnO nanostructures through hydrothermal methods, emphasizing the importance of doping in tuning the properties of ZnO for applications such as solar cells, sensors, and photocatalysis. The crystal structure of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructures is confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the article concludes with a discussion on the potential industrial applications of ZnO nanostructures.This review article by Sunandan Baruah and Joydeep Dutta from the Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, provides a comprehensive overview of the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures. The authors highlight the simplicity and environmental friendliness of the hydrothermal method, which is widely used for synthesizing various forms of ZnO nanostructures. The review covers the conditions necessary for growing different types of ZnO nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, and flower-like structures. It also discusses the role of surfactants and templates in controlling the morphology and growth of these nanostructures. Additionally, the article explores the doping of ZnO nanostructures through hydrothermal methods, emphasizing the importance of doping in tuning the properties of ZnO for applications such as solar cells, sensors, and photocatalysis. The crystal structure of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructures is confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the article concludes with a discussion on the potential industrial applications of ZnO nanostructures.