Hyperbolic metamaterials, originally introduced to overcome the diffraction limit in optical imaging, exhibit novel phenomena due to their broadband singular behavior in the density of photonic states. These phenomena include super-resolution imaging, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and gravitational theory analogues. The basic properties of hyperbolic metamaterials are characterized by anisotropic uniaxial materials that behave like metals in one direction and dielectrics in the orthogonal direction. The unique dispersion law of these materials leads to a hyperboloid phase space, enabling super-resolution imaging and an infinite density of photonic states. The hyperbolic behavior can be observed in both artificial and natural materials, and even in the physical vacuum under strong magnetic fields. The chapter discusses the design and fabrication of hyperbolic metamaterials, including multilayer metal-dielectric structures and wire array structures. The Maxwell-Garnett approximation is used to calculate the permittivity tensor, and the 2D plasmonic equivalent of 3D hyperbolic metamaterials is explained. The hyperlens, a magnifying device based on hyperbolic metamaterials, is described, and its imaging mechanism is verified through experiments. The chapter also explores the consequences of the singular photonic density of states in hyperbolic metamaterials, such as the broadband Purcell effect, thermal hyperconductivity, and new stealth technologies. The radiative decay engineering and thermal hyperconductivity are discussed, highlighting their potential applications in microelectronics heat management. Finally, the concept of photonic hyper-crystals, which combine the properties of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals, is introduced. Photonic hyper-crystals exhibit broadband divergence in their photonic density of states and strong localization of photons on a deep subwavelength scale, making them suitable for biological and chemical sensing applications. The experimental realization of photonic hyper-crystals using self-assembly of cobalt nanoparticles in a magnetic field is described, and their potential in chemical and biological sensing is demonstrated.Hyperbolic metamaterials, originally introduced to overcome the diffraction limit in optical imaging, exhibit novel phenomena due to their broadband singular behavior in the density of photonic states. These phenomena include super-resolution imaging, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and gravitational theory analogues. The basic properties of hyperbolic metamaterials are characterized by anisotropic uniaxial materials that behave like metals in one direction and dielectrics in the orthogonal direction. The unique dispersion law of these materials leads to a hyperboloid phase space, enabling super-resolution imaging and an infinite density of photonic states. The hyperbolic behavior can be observed in both artificial and natural materials, and even in the physical vacuum under strong magnetic fields. The chapter discusses the design and fabrication of hyperbolic metamaterials, including multilayer metal-dielectric structures and wire array structures. The Maxwell-Garnett approximation is used to calculate the permittivity tensor, and the 2D plasmonic equivalent of 3D hyperbolic metamaterials is explained. The hyperlens, a magnifying device based on hyperbolic metamaterials, is described, and its imaging mechanism is verified through experiments. The chapter also explores the consequences of the singular photonic density of states in hyperbolic metamaterials, such as the broadband Purcell effect, thermal hyperconductivity, and new stealth technologies. The radiative decay engineering and thermal hyperconductivity are discussed, highlighting their potential applications in microelectronics heat management. Finally, the concept of photonic hyper-crystals, which combine the properties of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals, is introduced. Photonic hyper-crystals exhibit broadband divergence in their photonic density of states and strong localization of photons on a deep subwavelength scale, making them suitable for biological and chemical sensing applications. The experimental realization of photonic hyper-crystals using self-assembly of cobalt nanoparticles in a magnetic field is described, and their potential in chemical and biological sensing is demonstrated.