The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) have updated their consensus report on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). The report provides updated knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of DKA and HHS. It is endorsed by several diabetes-related organizations and includes recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The report highlights that DKA and HHS are serious, acute, and life-threatening conditions, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. DKA is characterized by hyperglycaemia, ketone production, and metabolic acidosis, while HHS is characterized by severe hyperglycaemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration without significant ketosis or acidosis. The report discusses the risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies for both conditions, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management. It also addresses the role of insulin therapy, fluid replacement, and electrolyte management in the treatment of DKA and HHS. The report recommends the use of continuous glucose monitoring and other technologies to improve outcomes. It also highlights the importance of considering social determinants of health and mental health in the management of patients with diabetes. The report concludes with recommendations for the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin therapy and discharge planning for patients with DKA or HHS.The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) have updated their consensus report on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). The report provides updated knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of DKA and HHS. It is endorsed by several diabetes-related organizations and includes recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The report highlights that DKA and HHS are serious, acute, and life-threatening conditions, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. DKA is characterized by hyperglycaemia, ketone production, and metabolic acidosis, while HHS is characterized by severe hyperglycaemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration without significant ketosis or acidosis. The report discusses the risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies for both conditions, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management. It also addresses the role of insulin therapy, fluid replacement, and electrolyte management in the treatment of DKA and HHS. The report recommends the use of continuous glucose monitoring and other technologies to improve outcomes. It also highlights the importance of considering social determinants of health and mental health in the management of patients with diabetes. The report concludes with recommendations for the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin therapy and discharge planning for patients with DKA or HHS.