The article discusses the image artifacts commonly observed in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and their underlying causes. OCTA is a noninvasive technique that provides images of retinal and choroidal vascularization by detecting motion contrast from flowing blood. The methods used to acquire, generate, and display OCTA images are reviewed, along with the mechanisms that can produce extraneous information. Common artifacts include projection artifacts, where blood vessels appear at erroneous locations, and image processing artifacts, such as segmentation defects and false impressions of vessel density and location due to display strategies. Eye motion can also lead to discontinuities in the displayed data. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing these artifacts to avoid misinterpretation of diagnostic images. It highlights the need for physician interaction in viewing OCTA data, similar to modern radiology practices, to ensure accurate clinical assessment.The article discusses the image artifacts commonly observed in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and their underlying causes. OCTA is a noninvasive technique that provides images of retinal and choroidal vascularization by detecting motion contrast from flowing blood. The methods used to acquire, generate, and display OCTA images are reviewed, along with the mechanisms that can produce extraneous information. Common artifacts include projection artifacts, where blood vessels appear at erroneous locations, and image processing artifacts, such as segmentation defects and false impressions of vessel density and location due to display strategies. Eye motion can also lead to discontinuities in the displayed data. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing these artifacts to avoid misinterpretation of diagnostic images. It highlights the need for physician interaction in viewing OCTA data, similar to modern radiology practices, to ensure accurate clinical assessment.