The paper reviews the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud, fog, and edge computing, examining their transformative impact on computational architectures. It discusses the unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each paradigm, emphasizing the need for robust security measures and regulatory frameworks. The integration of edge computing with IoT is explored, highlighting the symbiotic relationship where edge nodes leverage residual computing capabilities of IoT devices. Fog computing's role in enhancing bandwidth, reducing latency, and providing scalability for IoT applications is thoroughly examined, along with challenges related to security, authentication, and distributed denial of service. The paper also explores innovative algorithms addressing resource management challenges in fog-IoT environments. It concludes with insights into the collaborative integration of cloud, fog, and edge computing to form a cohesive computational architecture for IoT. Future perspectives anticipate the role of 6G technology in unlocking the full potential of IoT, emphasizing applications such as telemedicine, smart cities, and enhanced distance learning. Cybersecurity concerns, energy consumption, and standardization challenges are identified as key areas for future research. Keywords: Internet of Things; Cloud Computing; Fog Computing; Edge Computing; Distributed Computing; Hybrid Computing; Computational Architecture; Data Processing; IoT Applications; Scalability.The paper reviews the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud, fog, and edge computing, examining their transformative impact on computational architectures. It discusses the unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each paradigm, emphasizing the need for robust security measures and regulatory frameworks. The integration of edge computing with IoT is explored, highlighting the symbiotic relationship where edge nodes leverage residual computing capabilities of IoT devices. Fog computing's role in enhancing bandwidth, reducing latency, and providing scalability for IoT applications is thoroughly examined, along with challenges related to security, authentication, and distributed denial of service. The paper also explores innovative algorithms addressing resource management challenges in fog-IoT environments. It concludes with insights into the collaborative integration of cloud, fog, and edge computing to form a cohesive computational architecture for IoT. Future perspectives anticipate the role of 6G technology in unlocking the full potential of IoT, emphasizing applications such as telemedicine, smart cities, and enhanced distance learning. Cybersecurity concerns, energy consumption, and standardization challenges are identified as key areas for future research. Keywords: Internet of Things; Cloud Computing; Fog Computing; Edge Computing; Distributed Computing; Hybrid Computing; Computational Architecture; Data Processing; IoT Applications; Scalability.