The text discusses the concept of identity in ontology, focusing on the principle of individuation and the challenges in defining when two entities are the same. It explores the difficulties in determining whether two entities are one or two, using examples like events, intensional entities, and modal logic. The author argues that the meaning of identity is tied to the semantical method used, and that different methods can lead to different ontologies. The text references philosophers such as Frege, Quine, and Carnap, discussing their views on identity, reference, and the role of semantics in defining ontological categories. It also addresses the problem of identity in modal contexts and the ambiguity of the term 'identity' in different contexts. The conclusion is that the adoption of a particular semantical method defines an ontology, and that the method of the name-relation is just one possible approach. The text emphasizes the importance of semantical rules in determining identity and the need for a clear method to define what constitutes an entity.The text discusses the concept of identity in ontology, focusing on the principle of individuation and the challenges in defining when two entities are the same. It explores the difficulties in determining whether two entities are one or two, using examples like events, intensional entities, and modal logic. The author argues that the meaning of identity is tied to the semantical method used, and that different methods can lead to different ontologies. The text references philosophers such as Frege, Quine, and Carnap, discussing their views on identity, reference, and the role of semantics in defining ontological categories. It also addresses the problem of identity in modal contexts and the ambiguity of the term 'identity' in different contexts. The conclusion is that the adoption of a particular semantical method defines an ontology, and that the method of the name-relation is just one possible approach. The text emphasizes the importance of semantical rules in determining identity and the need for a clear method to define what constitutes an entity.