This paper investigates the optical appearance and shadow of a hairy Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole illuminated by static accretion models. The hairy RN black hole is constructed using the gravitational decoupling (GD) approach, which introduces additional sources such as scalar fields, tensor fields, or dark matter, leading to deformation of the Schwarzschild black hole. The black hole is characterized by mass (M), deformation factor (α), electric charge (Q), and additional hairy charge (l_o). The study focuses on how these parameters influence the photon trajectories, shadow, and optical appearance of the black hole. The event horizon, photon sphere radius, and critical impact parameter of the hairy RN black hole increase with Q and l_o, but decrease with α. The parameters Q and l_o have mutually reinforcing effects on the optical appearance and shadows of the black hole, making it difficult to distinguish between electric charge and hairy charge based on shadow and image observations. Additionally, the competition between charge parameters (Q, l_o) and the deviation parameter α can lead to degeneracies in the optical appearance between the hairy RN black hole and the standard RN black hole. The paper analyzes the optical appearance of the hairy RN black hole under two types of accretion models: a thin accretion disk and a static spherical accretion. The results show that the observed intensity and optical appearance are significantly affected by the parameters Q, l_o, and α. For larger Q and l_o, the observed intensity peaks are smaller and shift to smaller impact parameters, while larger α leads to enhanced peaks at larger impact parameters. The shadow size is also influenced by these parameters, with larger α leading to a larger shadow region. The study concludes that the electric charge and additional hairy charge have similar effects on the rings and images of the hairy RN black hole, while the deviation parameter α has opposite effects. This suggests that it may not be possible to distinguish between the electric charge and hairy charge based on the optical appearance of the black hole. The results also indicate potential degeneracies in the optical appearances of the hairy RN black hole and the RN black hole, due to the competing effects of the charge parameters and the deviation parameter.This paper investigates the optical appearance and shadow of a hairy Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole illuminated by static accretion models. The hairy RN black hole is constructed using the gravitational decoupling (GD) approach, which introduces additional sources such as scalar fields, tensor fields, or dark matter, leading to deformation of the Schwarzschild black hole. The black hole is characterized by mass (M), deformation factor (α), electric charge (Q), and additional hairy charge (l_o). The study focuses on how these parameters influence the photon trajectories, shadow, and optical appearance of the black hole. The event horizon, photon sphere radius, and critical impact parameter of the hairy RN black hole increase with Q and l_o, but decrease with α. The parameters Q and l_o have mutually reinforcing effects on the optical appearance and shadows of the black hole, making it difficult to distinguish between electric charge and hairy charge based on shadow and image observations. Additionally, the competition between charge parameters (Q, l_o) and the deviation parameter α can lead to degeneracies in the optical appearance between the hairy RN black hole and the standard RN black hole. The paper analyzes the optical appearance of the hairy RN black hole under two types of accretion models: a thin accretion disk and a static spherical accretion. The results show that the observed intensity and optical appearance are significantly affected by the parameters Q, l_o, and α. For larger Q and l_o, the observed intensity peaks are smaller and shift to smaller impact parameters, while larger α leads to enhanced peaks at larger impact parameters. The shadow size is also influenced by these parameters, with larger α leading to a larger shadow region. The study concludes that the electric charge and additional hairy charge have similar effects on the rings and images of the hairy RN black hole, while the deviation parameter α has opposite effects. This suggests that it may not be possible to distinguish between the electric charge and hairy charge based on the optical appearance of the black hole. The results also indicate potential degeneracies in the optical appearances of the hairy RN black hole and the RN black hole, due to the competing effects of the charge parameters and the deviation parameter.