The chapter discusses the complex and multifaceted nature of immunity to fungal infections, emphasizing the importance of understanding the immune response to fungi in various clinical contexts. It highlights the clinical relevance of fungal diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV, cancer, and transplant recipients. The text outlines the mechanisms by which fungi evade host defenses, including morphological switching, immune evasion strategies, and the production of virulence factors. It also reviews the role of innate and adaptive immune responses, focusing on the contributions of phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), T helper (TH) cells, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The chapter discusses the significance of specific cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in controlling fungal infections and the impact of these cytokines on TH1-cell responses. Additionally, it explores the role of antibodies and complement in modulating fungal infections and the plasticity of the T-cell response to fungi. The text concludes by emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the host-fungus interaction to develop effective strategies for preventing and treating fungal infections.The chapter discusses the complex and multifaceted nature of immunity to fungal infections, emphasizing the importance of understanding the immune response to fungi in various clinical contexts. It highlights the clinical relevance of fungal diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV, cancer, and transplant recipients. The text outlines the mechanisms by which fungi evade host defenses, including morphological switching, immune evasion strategies, and the production of virulence factors. It also reviews the role of innate and adaptive immune responses, focusing on the contributions of phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), T helper (TH) cells, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The chapter discusses the significance of specific cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in controlling fungal infections and the impact of these cytokines on TH1-cell responses. Additionally, it explores the role of antibodies and complement in modulating fungal infections and the plasticity of the T-cell response to fungi. The text concludes by emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the host-fungus interaction to develop effective strategies for preventing and treating fungal infections.