This review summarizes the current understanding of signaling pathways involved in anticancer drug-induced cell death, focusing on apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms. It discusses common apoptotic pathways, antiapoptotic pathways, and non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms such as autophagy, necrosis, and other forms. The review highlights the role of c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathways in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells, emphasizing their involvement in the induction of apoptosis and the regulation of cell death-related genes. The therapeutic implications of modifying signaling pathways to enhance anticancer drug efficacy are also explored, including the targeting of cell death-related genes and the interaction of drug resistance factors. The review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell death and suggests strategies to restore altered signaling pathways to improve drug sensitivity in tumor cells.This review summarizes the current understanding of signaling pathways involved in anticancer drug-induced cell death, focusing on apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms. It discusses common apoptotic pathways, antiapoptotic pathways, and non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms such as autophagy, necrosis, and other forms. The review highlights the role of c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathways in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells, emphasizing their involvement in the induction of apoptosis and the regulation of cell death-related genes. The therapeutic implications of modifying signaling pathways to enhance anticancer drug efficacy are also explored, including the targeting of cell death-related genes and the interaction of drug resistance factors. The review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell death and suggests strategies to restore altered signaling pathways to improve drug sensitivity in tumor cells.