NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a critical role in regulating neuronal function, synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of NQO1 activity in the CNS leads to abnormal neurotransmitter release, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury. NQO1 dysfunction is linked to various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to tumorigenesis and treatment response in brain tumors. Understanding NQO1's role in these disorders is crucial for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. NQO1 is a flavoprotein with a NAD(P)H-binding domain and a quinone-binding domain. It is involved in cellular detoxification, antioxidant defense, and modulating signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. NQO1's activity is influenced by oxidative stress, hormonal signaling, and epigenetic modifications. Genetic polymorphisms, such as C609T and C465T, affect NQO1 function and are associated with increased risks of neurological disorders. NQO1 is involved in the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE-NQO1 signaling pathway, which regulates oxidative stress and inflammation. NQO1 also interacts with other pathways, such as CREB-Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 and NQO1-Nrf2-PI3K/Akt, which are involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. NQO1 plays a protective role in neurological disorders by reducing oxidative stress, modulating inflammation, and enhancing antioxidant defense. NQO1's expression and function are influenced by various factors, including genetic polymorphisms, environmental factors, and therapeutic interventions. NQO1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neurological disorders. NQO1's role in neurological disorders is complex and varies depending on the specific disorder and genetic background. NQO1's involvement in neurological disorders highlights its importance in understanding and treating these conditions.NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a critical role in regulating neuronal function, synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of NQO1 activity in the CNS leads to abnormal neurotransmitter release, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury. NQO1 dysfunction is linked to various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to tumorigenesis and treatment response in brain tumors. Understanding NQO1's role in these disorders is crucial for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. NQO1 is a flavoprotein with a NAD(P)H-binding domain and a quinone-binding domain. It is involved in cellular detoxification, antioxidant defense, and modulating signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. NQO1's activity is influenced by oxidative stress, hormonal signaling, and epigenetic modifications. Genetic polymorphisms, such as C609T and C465T, affect NQO1 function and are associated with increased risks of neurological disorders. NQO1 is involved in the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE-NQO1 signaling pathway, which regulates oxidative stress and inflammation. NQO1 also interacts with other pathways, such as CREB-Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 and NQO1-Nrf2-PI3K/Akt, which are involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. NQO1 plays a protective role in neurological disorders by reducing oxidative stress, modulating inflammation, and enhancing antioxidant defense. NQO1's expression and function are influenced by various factors, including genetic polymorphisms, environmental factors, and therapeutic interventions. NQO1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neurological disorders. NQO1's role in neurological disorders is complex and varies depending on the specific disorder and genetic background. NQO1's involvement in neurological disorders highlights its importance in understanding and treating these conditions.