The article reviews the impact of pesticide use in agriculture, focusing on their benefits and hazards. Pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, have significantly contributed to pest control and agricultural output. However, their widespread use has led to environmental and health concerns. In India, the production of pesticides has grown steadily, with insecticides being the most commonly used. While pesticides have improved food yields and protected against vector-borne diseases, they also pose risks to human health and the environment. Direct health impacts include neurological symptoms, reproductive issues, and chronic diseases, with high-risk groups including workers in pesticide production and application. Environmental impacts include contamination of soil, water, and air, affecting non-target organisms such as beneficial microorganisms, plants, fish, and birds. The article highlights the need for better regulation, education, and safer pest control methods to minimize these risks. Despite the benefits, the economic and environmental costs of pesticide use must be carefully weighed against their advantages to ensure a safe and sustainable future.The article reviews the impact of pesticide use in agriculture, focusing on their benefits and hazards. Pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, have significantly contributed to pest control and agricultural output. However, their widespread use has led to environmental and health concerns. In India, the production of pesticides has grown steadily, with insecticides being the most commonly used. While pesticides have improved food yields and protected against vector-borne diseases, they also pose risks to human health and the environment. Direct health impacts include neurological symptoms, reproductive issues, and chronic diseases, with high-risk groups including workers in pesticide production and application. Environmental impacts include contamination of soil, water, and air, affecting non-target organisms such as beneficial microorganisms, plants, fish, and birds. The article highlights the need for better regulation, education, and safer pest control methods to minimize these risks. Despite the benefits, the economic and environmental costs of pesticide use must be carefully weighed against their advantages to ensure a safe and sustainable future.