Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to control pests and increase crop yields, but their use also poses significant health and environmental risks. In India, pesticide production has grown significantly since the 1950s, with a large portion of pesticides used for cotton crops. Pesticides provide benefits such as increased crop yields, reduced crop losses, and improved food security, but they also have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Pesticides can contaminate soil, water, air, and non-target organisms, leading to health problems, reduced biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Pesticides are particularly harmful to humans, with exposure leading to neurological symptoms, reproductive issues, and increased cancer risk. Pesticides also pose a threat to non-target organisms such as birds, fish, and beneficial insects. The use of pesticides in agriculture has led to the contamination of food and water sources, with residues found in a variety of food products. The long-term effects of pesticide exposure are not fully understood, but there is evidence of increased health risks, particularly in developing countries. Despite the benefits of pesticides, their use must be carefully managed to minimize health and environmental risks. Alternatives to chemical pesticides, such as integrated pest management and biological control, are recommended to reduce the negative impacts of pesticide use. The use of pesticides in agriculture is a complex issue that requires a balance between the benefits of increased crop yields and the risks to human health and the environment.Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to control pests and increase crop yields, but their use also poses significant health and environmental risks. In India, pesticide production has grown significantly since the 1950s, with a large portion of pesticides used for cotton crops. Pesticides provide benefits such as increased crop yields, reduced crop losses, and improved food security, but they also have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Pesticides can contaminate soil, water, air, and non-target organisms, leading to health problems, reduced biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Pesticides are particularly harmful to humans, with exposure leading to neurological symptoms, reproductive issues, and increased cancer risk. Pesticides also pose a threat to non-target organisms such as birds, fish, and beneficial insects. The use of pesticides in agriculture has led to the contamination of food and water sources, with residues found in a variety of food products. The long-term effects of pesticide exposure are not fully understood, but there is evidence of increased health risks, particularly in developing countries. Despite the benefits of pesticides, their use must be carefully managed to minimize health and environmental risks. Alternatives to chemical pesticides, such as integrated pest management and biological control, are recommended to reduce the negative impacts of pesticide use. The use of pesticides in agriculture is a complex issue that requires a balance between the benefits of increased crop yields and the risks to human health and the environment.