Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential for treating impaired endometrial receptivity due to thin endometrium or endometrial scarring. The endometrium undergoes cyclic regeneration, essential for embryo implantation, but disruptions in this process can lead to infertility. MSCs, multipotent adult stem cells, can differentiate into various cell types and secrete bioactive factors that aid tissue repair. Their secretome, which includes cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles, plays a key role in promoting regeneration and immunomodulation. MSCs have been studied in rodent models and limited human trials, showing potential benefits in endometrial infertility. MSCs can be delivered systemically or locally, with local delivery showing improved endometrial regeneration and fertility. MSCs can also be delivered via matrices to enhance retention and efficacy. Studies have shown that MSCs can improve endometrial thickness, reduce fibrosis, and enhance fertility. However, the optimal delivery method and source of MSCs remain to be determined. MSCs are being explored for their potential in treating endometrial dysfunction, including Asherman's syndrome and thin endometrium. Further research is needed to establish the most effective therapeutic approach for endometrial regeneration.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential for treating impaired endometrial receptivity due to thin endometrium or endometrial scarring. The endometrium undergoes cyclic regeneration, essential for embryo implantation, but disruptions in this process can lead to infertility. MSCs, multipotent adult stem cells, can differentiate into various cell types and secrete bioactive factors that aid tissue repair. Their secretome, which includes cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles, plays a key role in promoting regeneration and immunomodulation. MSCs have been studied in rodent models and limited human trials, showing potential benefits in endometrial infertility. MSCs can be delivered systemically or locally, with local delivery showing improved endometrial regeneration and fertility. MSCs can also be delivered via matrices to enhance retention and efficacy. Studies have shown that MSCs can improve endometrial thickness, reduce fibrosis, and enhance fertility. However, the optimal delivery method and source of MSCs remain to be determined. MSCs are being explored for their potential in treating endometrial dysfunction, including Asherman's syndrome and thin endometrium. Further research is needed to establish the most effective therapeutic approach for endometrial regeneration.