This supplementary material provides comprehensive data and analysis supporting the findings of the article "Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter." It includes figures and tables that detail the distribution of primate species by region, their conservation status, and the threats they face. Key points include: 1. **Habitat and Species Distribution**: Figures S1-3 show the number of primate species in different regions (Neotropics, Africa, Asia) and their IUCN threat categories. 2. **Threats to Primate Populations**: Figures S4-7 highlight the primary and secondary threats to primate species, including deforestation, agricultural expansion, human population growth, and illegal trade. 3. **Agricultural and Industrial Activities**: Figures S5-6 illustrate the impact of cattle production, soybeans, oil palms, and rubber plantations on primate habitats. 4. **Logging and Mining**: Figures S7-8 discuss the effects of logging and mining on primate populations. 5. **Hunting and Illegal Trade**: Figures S9-10 provide data on hunting practices and the illegal trade of primates. 6. **Conservation Efforts**: Figures S11-12 outline community-led conservation programs and technological advancements in monitoring primate populations. 7. **Phylogenetic Analysis**: Table S3 and supplementary text detail the phylogenetic patterns associated with extinction risk. 8. **Agricultural Expansion Models**: Table S6 and methods section explain the models used to predict agricultural expansion and its impact on primate distribution. The material emphasizes the urgency of addressing the extinction crisis of primates and provides a detailed scientific basis for conservation efforts.This supplementary material provides comprehensive data and analysis supporting the findings of the article "Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter." It includes figures and tables that detail the distribution of primate species by region, their conservation status, and the threats they face. Key points include: 1. **Habitat and Species Distribution**: Figures S1-3 show the number of primate species in different regions (Neotropics, Africa, Asia) and their IUCN threat categories. 2. **Threats to Primate Populations**: Figures S4-7 highlight the primary and secondary threats to primate species, including deforestation, agricultural expansion, human population growth, and illegal trade. 3. **Agricultural and Industrial Activities**: Figures S5-6 illustrate the impact of cattle production, soybeans, oil palms, and rubber plantations on primate habitats. 4. **Logging and Mining**: Figures S7-8 discuss the effects of logging and mining on primate populations. 5. **Hunting and Illegal Trade**: Figures S9-10 provide data on hunting practices and the illegal trade of primates. 6. **Conservation Efforts**: Figures S11-12 outline community-led conservation programs and technological advancements in monitoring primate populations. 7. **Phylogenetic Analysis**: Table S3 and supplementary text detail the phylogenetic patterns associated with extinction risk. 8. **Agricultural Expansion Models**: Table S6 and methods section explain the models used to predict agricultural expansion and its impact on primate distribution. The material emphasizes the urgency of addressing the extinction crisis of primates and provides a detailed scientific basis for conservation efforts.