This systematic review examines the use of Communities of Practice (CoPs) in both business and health care sectors. The study aims to define how CoPs are conceptualized and utilized in these sectors and to evaluate the effectiveness of CoPs in improving best practice uptake and mentoring in health care. The review found that CoP structures vary widely, ranging from informal networks to formal education sessions and multidisciplinary teams. Key characteristics of CoPs include social interaction, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, and identity building, though these are not consistently present across all CoPs. The roles and responsibilities of facilitators and power dynamics within CoPs are also unclear. The review did not find any quantitative evidence on the effectiveness of CoPs in health care, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the parameters and effectiveness of CoPs in this sector. The study concludes that while CoPs remain a relevant concept for group development, more research is needed to develop indicators for identifying and describing CoPs and to understand their effectiveness in health care settings.This systematic review examines the use of Communities of Practice (CoPs) in both business and health care sectors. The study aims to define how CoPs are conceptualized and utilized in these sectors and to evaluate the effectiveness of CoPs in improving best practice uptake and mentoring in health care. The review found that CoP structures vary widely, ranging from informal networks to formal education sessions and multidisciplinary teams. Key characteristics of CoPs include social interaction, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, and identity building, though these are not consistently present across all CoPs. The roles and responsibilities of facilitators and power dynamics within CoPs are also unclear. The review did not find any quantitative evidence on the effectiveness of CoPs in health care, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the parameters and effectiveness of CoPs in this sector. The study concludes that while CoPs remain a relevant concept for group development, more research is needed to develop indicators for identifying and describing CoPs and to understand their effectiveness in health care settings.