Implementation Intentions and Effective Goal Pursuit

Implementation Intentions and Effective Goal Pursuit

1997, 1, pp. 186-199 | Peter M. Gollwitzer, Veronika Brandstätter
The article by Peter M. Gollwitzer and Veronika Brandstätter explores the effectiveness of implementation intentions in goal pursuit. Implementation intentions, which specify when and where to perform goal-directed behaviors, are contrasted with goal intentions, which simply state a desire to achieve a goal. The study assesses the completion rate of various goal projects to evaluate the impact of implementation intentions. In **Study 1**, participants were asked to list personal projects they intended to complete during the Christmas break. Those who formed implementation intentions for difficult goals completed them about 3 times more often than those who did not. In **Study 2**, all participants were assigned the same difficult goal, and half were instructed to form implementation intentions. The beneficial effects of implementation intentions were similar to those in Study 1, with a significant increase in goal completion. In **Study 3**, implementation intentions were observed to facilitate the immediate initiation of goal-directed actions when the intended opportunity was encountered. This study suggests that implementation intentions are powerful self-regulatory tools that help overcome typical obstacles in initiating goal-directed actions. The authors conclude that implementation intentions are effective in promoting the completion of difficult goals by linking specific situational contexts to intended behaviors, making it easier to initiate goal-directed actions when the critical situation arises.The article by Peter M. Gollwitzer and Veronika Brandstätter explores the effectiveness of implementation intentions in goal pursuit. Implementation intentions, which specify when and where to perform goal-directed behaviors, are contrasted with goal intentions, which simply state a desire to achieve a goal. The study assesses the completion rate of various goal projects to evaluate the impact of implementation intentions. In **Study 1**, participants were asked to list personal projects they intended to complete during the Christmas break. Those who formed implementation intentions for difficult goals completed them about 3 times more often than those who did not. In **Study 2**, all participants were assigned the same difficult goal, and half were instructed to form implementation intentions. The beneficial effects of implementation intentions were similar to those in Study 1, with a significant increase in goal completion. In **Study 3**, implementation intentions were observed to facilitate the immediate initiation of goal-directed actions when the intended opportunity was encountered. This study suggests that implementation intentions are powerful self-regulatory tools that help overcome typical obstacles in initiating goal-directed actions. The authors conclude that implementation intentions are effective in promoting the completion of difficult goals by linking specific situational contexts to intended behaviors, making it easier to initiate goal-directed actions when the critical situation arises.
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