The article provides a comprehensive review of the structure, synthesis, and in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers. Dendrimers, characterized by their well-defined structure and controlled size, have emerged as promising nanocarriers for various therapeutic agents, including drugs, genetic materials, and imaging agents. The review covers the synthesis methods, cellular uptake mechanisms, and the potential of dendrimers in treating diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, and ocular diseases. It highlights the advancements in dendrimer-based formulations that have reached clinical trials, emphasizing their safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The continuous development of nanotechnology is expected to enhance the capabilities of dendrimers, making them increasingly valuable in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in drug delivery systems. The article also discusses the challenges and future perspectives in the field, including the need for further research to understand the biological properties and long-term toxicity of dendrimers.The article provides a comprehensive review of the structure, synthesis, and in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers. Dendrimers, characterized by their well-defined structure and controlled size, have emerged as promising nanocarriers for various therapeutic agents, including drugs, genetic materials, and imaging agents. The review covers the synthesis methods, cellular uptake mechanisms, and the potential of dendrimers in treating diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, and ocular diseases. It highlights the advancements in dendrimer-based formulations that have reached clinical trials, emphasizing their safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The continuous development of nanotechnology is expected to enhance the capabilities of dendrimers, making them increasingly valuable in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in drug delivery systems. The article also discusses the challenges and future perspectives in the field, including the need for further research to understand the biological properties and long-term toxicity of dendrimers.