This study investigates the effect of transient global ischemia on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult gerbils. Using BrdU immunohistochemistry, researchers found a 12-fold increase in cell birth in the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) 1–2 weeks after 10 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. These newly divided cells migrated into the granule cell layer (GCL) and matured into neurons, as indicated by colocalization with neuronal markers such as NeuN, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), and calbindin D28k. Newborn cells with a neuronal phenotype were first observed 26 days after ischemia and survived for at least 7 months, located only in the GCL, and comprised ~60% of BrdU-labeled cells 6 weeks after ischemia. Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain is limited to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. Progenitor cells in the SGZ and subependyma give rise to new neurons in these regions. The study also found that ischemia-induced neurogenesis was not attributable to CA1 neuronal loss, as no cell loss was detected in the entorhinal cortex. Ischemic preconditioning for 2 minutes did not prevent increased neurogenesis in the GCL after a subsequent severe ischemic challenge. The increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus may be a compensatory adaptive response to ischemia-associated injury and could promote functional recovery after ischemic hippocampal injury. The study suggests that ischemia-induced neurogenesis is not reduced by ischemic preconditioning and does not require CA1 neuronal loss. The results indicate that hippocampal progenitor cells give rise to dentate granule cell neurons and hilar astrocytes in response to ischemic injury. The study also found that some BrdU-labeled cells migrated into the dentate hilus and became astrocytes. The results suggest that different environmental cues in the dentate gyrus and hilus influence the developmental fate of CNS progenitors. The study highlights the potential for the anatomical and functional integration of grafts of specific cell types, even in the adult nervous system. The findings have implications for the development of restorative therapies for ischemic, traumatic, and degenerative brain diseases.This study investigates the effect of transient global ischemia on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult gerbils. Using BrdU immunohistochemistry, researchers found a 12-fold increase in cell birth in the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) 1–2 weeks after 10 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. These newly divided cells migrated into the granule cell layer (GCL) and matured into neurons, as indicated by colocalization with neuronal markers such as NeuN, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), and calbindin D28k. Newborn cells with a neuronal phenotype were first observed 26 days after ischemia and survived for at least 7 months, located only in the GCL, and comprised ~60% of BrdU-labeled cells 6 weeks after ischemia. Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain is limited to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. Progenitor cells in the SGZ and subependyma give rise to new neurons in these regions. The study also found that ischemia-induced neurogenesis was not attributable to CA1 neuronal loss, as no cell loss was detected in the entorhinal cortex. Ischemic preconditioning for 2 minutes did not prevent increased neurogenesis in the GCL after a subsequent severe ischemic challenge. The increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus may be a compensatory adaptive response to ischemia-associated injury and could promote functional recovery after ischemic hippocampal injury. The study suggests that ischemia-induced neurogenesis is not reduced by ischemic preconditioning and does not require CA1 neuronal loss. The results indicate that hippocampal progenitor cells give rise to dentate granule cell neurons and hilar astrocytes in response to ischemic injury. The study also found that some BrdU-labeled cells migrated into the dentate hilus and became astrocytes. The results suggest that different environmental cues in the dentate gyrus and hilus influence the developmental fate of CNS progenitors. The study highlights the potential for the anatomical and functional integration of grafts of specific cell types, even in the adult nervous system. The findings have implications for the development of restorative therapies for ischemic, traumatic, and degenerative brain diseases.