The supplementary materials for the study "Increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit reduces global vegetation growth" include figures and tables that support the main findings. Figure S1 shows the five-year moving average of VPD, with linear fits before and after the turning point (TP) years. Figure S2 presents spatial distributions of VPD trend differences before and after TP years. Figure S3 shows spatial patterns of VPD changes between 1982–1986 and 2011–2015. Figure S4 compares interannual variability of SVP, AVP, and air temperature across four datasets. Figure S5 shows global mean LAI and linear trends from 1982–2015. Figure S6 shows differences in LAI trends before and after TP years. Figure S7 validates random forest models for simulating NDVI. Figure S8 discusses environmental regulations on long-term changes in global NDVI. Figure S9 shows correlations between LUE and VPD at different temperature ranges. Figure S10 shows correlations between VPD and tree-ring width. Figure S11 compares changes in global mean GPP trends simulated by ecosystem models. Figure S12 projects future changes in VPD. Figure S13 validates the EC-LUE model. Tables S1–S7 provide details on climate and satellite datasets, model responses to climate variables, study sites, correlations between VPD and LUE, CMIP5 models, correlation matrices, and model parameters for different vegetation types. The study highlights the significant impact of increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on global vegetation growth.The supplementary materials for the study "Increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit reduces global vegetation growth" include figures and tables that support the main findings. Figure S1 shows the five-year moving average of VPD, with linear fits before and after the turning point (TP) years. Figure S2 presents spatial distributions of VPD trend differences before and after TP years. Figure S3 shows spatial patterns of VPD changes between 1982–1986 and 2011–2015. Figure S4 compares interannual variability of SVP, AVP, and air temperature across four datasets. Figure S5 shows global mean LAI and linear trends from 1982–2015. Figure S6 shows differences in LAI trends before and after TP years. Figure S7 validates random forest models for simulating NDVI. Figure S8 discusses environmental regulations on long-term changes in global NDVI. Figure S9 shows correlations between LUE and VPD at different temperature ranges. Figure S10 shows correlations between VPD and tree-ring width. Figure S11 compares changes in global mean GPP trends simulated by ecosystem models. Figure S12 projects future changes in VPD. Figure S13 validates the EC-LUE model. Tables S1–S7 provide details on climate and satellite datasets, model responses to climate variables, study sites, correlations between VPD and LUE, CMIP5 models, correlation matrices, and model parameters for different vegetation types. The study highlights the significant impact of increased atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on global vegetation growth.