The article reviews the mechanisms and molecular processes involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered by beneficial microbes in plant roots. ISR is a mechanism that enhances plant defense against pathogens and insect herbivores by priming the whole plant body without directly activating costly defenses. The review highlights the role of root-specific transcription factors, phytohormones, and defense regulatory proteins in the onset and expression of ISR. Key findings include the central role of the MYB72 transcription factor in initiating ISR, the involvement of phytohormones like jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) in regulating ISR, and the ecological function of ISR-inducing microbes in the root microbiome. The article also discusses the molecular basis of ISR, including the signaling pathways and elicitors that trigger this process, and the potential for epigenetic regulation and inheritance of ISR.The article reviews the mechanisms and molecular processes involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered by beneficial microbes in plant roots. ISR is a mechanism that enhances plant defense against pathogens and insect herbivores by priming the whole plant body without directly activating costly defenses. The review highlights the role of root-specific transcription factors, phytohormones, and defense regulatory proteins in the onset and expression of ISR. Key findings include the central role of the MYB72 transcription factor in initiating ISR, the involvement of phytohormones like jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) in regulating ISR, and the ecological function of ISR-inducing microbes in the root microbiome. The article also discusses the molecular basis of ISR, including the signaling pathways and elicitors that trigger this process, and the potential for epigenetic regulation and inheritance of ISR.