Inflammageing is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation in older individuals, increasing susceptibility to chronic diseases, frailty, and premature death. It is associated with genetic susceptibility, obesity, gut dysbiosis, cellular senescence, and immune dysregulation. Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and dementia, and may contribute to multimorbidity and frailty in older adults. Mechanistic studies suggest that inflammation may inhibit growth factors, increase catabolism, and disrupt homeostatic signaling, but further human studies are needed to confirm this. Inflammageing is also linked to chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia, and depression, though the extent to which modulating inflammation improves clinical outcomes for non-CVD conditions remains unclear. Genetic variants influence inflammatory markers, and miRNAs may play a role in inflammageing. Visceral obesity and gut dysbiosis contribute to chronic inflammation, while cellular senescence and impaired recycling of cellular debris may also drive inflammageing. Inflammation is also linked to chronic infections, such as CMV and HIV, which may accelerate immune senescence. Inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis by promoting plaque instability and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Anti-inflammatory therapies, such as IL-6 and IL-1 blockers, have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular events. However, the role of inflammation in non-CVD conditions and the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments in older adults with multimorbidity and frailty remain areas of active research. Inflammageing is a complex process with multiple contributing factors, and its management requires individualized approaches.Inflammageing is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation in older individuals, increasing susceptibility to chronic diseases, frailty, and premature death. It is associated with genetic susceptibility, obesity, gut dysbiosis, cellular senescence, and immune dysregulation. Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and dementia, and may contribute to multimorbidity and frailty in older adults. Mechanistic studies suggest that inflammation may inhibit growth factors, increase catabolism, and disrupt homeostatic signaling, but further human studies are needed to confirm this. Inflammageing is also linked to chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia, and depression, though the extent to which modulating inflammation improves clinical outcomes for non-CVD conditions remains unclear. Genetic variants influence inflammatory markers, and miRNAs may play a role in inflammageing. Visceral obesity and gut dysbiosis contribute to chronic inflammation, while cellular senescence and impaired recycling of cellular debris may also drive inflammageing. Inflammation is also linked to chronic infections, such as CMV and HIV, which may accelerate immune senescence. Inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis by promoting plaque instability and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Anti-inflammatory therapies, such as IL-6 and IL-1 blockers, have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular events. However, the role of inflammation in non-CVD conditions and the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments in older adults with multimorbidity and frailty remain areas of active research. Inflammageing is a complex process with multiple contributing factors, and its management requires individualized approaches.