The article provides a comprehensive overview of inflammasomes, their mechanisms of action, roles in various diseases, and potential therapeutic approaches. Inflammasomes are innate immune receptors that activate caspase-1, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, and promoting pyroptosis. Recent advancements have enhanced understanding of inflammasome activation, which involves the oligomerization of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as NLRs and AIM2. Inflammasomes are implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) and metabolic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, obesity). The review highlights the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in these diseases, particularly its involvement in the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome activity, such as small-molecule inhibitors and therapeutic approaches that target inflammasome components, are discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to balance the beneficial and detrimental effects of inflammasome activation in disease management.The article provides a comprehensive overview of inflammasomes, their mechanisms of action, roles in various diseases, and potential therapeutic approaches. Inflammasomes are innate immune receptors that activate caspase-1, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, and promoting pyroptosis. Recent advancements have enhanced understanding of inflammasome activation, which involves the oligomerization of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as NLRs and AIM2. Inflammasomes are implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) and metabolic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, obesity). The review highlights the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in these diseases, particularly its involvement in the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome activity, such as small-molecule inhibitors and therapeutic approaches that target inflammasome components, are discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to balance the beneficial and detrimental effects of inflammasome activation in disease management.