Inflammasomes are innate immune receptors that regulate caspase-1 activation and induce inflammation in response to pathogens and host-derived molecules. They are involved in various inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Recent research has enhanced understanding of inflammasome activation mechanisms and their roles in disease. Inflammasomes, such as NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, are activated by different stimuli and contribute to disease progression through cytokine production and cell death. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome activity, including inhibitors like glyburide and BHB, show promise in treating inflammatory diseases. The review highlights the importance of inflammasomes in disease pathogenesis and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.Inflammasomes are innate immune receptors that regulate caspase-1 activation and induce inflammation in response to pathogens and host-derived molecules. They are involved in various inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Recent research has enhanced understanding of inflammasome activation mechanisms and their roles in disease. Inflammasomes, such as NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, are activated by different stimuli and contribute to disease progression through cytokine production and cell death. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome activity, including inhibitors like glyburide and BHB, show promise in treating inflammatory diseases. The review highlights the importance of inflammasomes in disease pathogenesis and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.