This supplement focuses on inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease (CAD), including observational studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, and translational research. It covers new concepts in pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Articles may include diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk and safety of medical interventions, epidemiology and statistical methods, evidence-based medicine, evaluation of guidelines, and translational medicine. Article types include original research, case reports, commentaries, meeting reports, methodology, and perspectives. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic infections may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation, and studies have investigated associations between atherosclerosis and chronic infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the mechanisms remain controversial. Some studies suggest that multiple infectious pathogens, rather than a single pathogen, may be involved in atherosclerosis. Ishizaka et al. reviewed the possible association between atherosclerosis and chronic HCV infection. Saito et al. reported a meta-analysis showing that East Asians have low hsCRP levels, but elevated levels are associated with increased stroke risk. Furuhashi et al. reviewed the association between atherosclerosis and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), which is linked to obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Sex hormones may influence atherosclerosis, with estrogen having anti-inflammatory effects. Fairweather et al. reviewed sex differences in the inflammatory immune response during atherosclerosis. Systemic inflammation destabilizes atherosclerotic plaques, and imaging techniques like 18F-FDG-PET/CT are used to evaluate atherosclerosis and inflammation. Alie et al. reviewed the clinical usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for non-invasive evaluation. A modern lifestyle with high fat diets and lack of physical activity promotes atherosclerosis. Obesity and high fat diets are associated with chronic inflammation. Oxidative modification of LDL increases inflammatory potential, and dietary antioxidants may prevent LDL oxidation. Saita et al. reviewed the preventative effects of antioxidant foods on atherosclerosis and CAD. Green tea consumption is associated with reduced CAD risk. Ohmori et al. reported the association between green tea consumption and MI in Japanese patients. Inflammation is recognized as a key factor in atherosclerosis, but modulating inflammation to prevent or treat atherosclerosis remains challenging. The supplement includes new research and timely reviews on inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CAD.This supplement focuses on inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease (CAD), including observational studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, and translational research. It covers new concepts in pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Articles may include diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk and safety of medical interventions, epidemiology and statistical methods, evidence-based medicine, evaluation of guidelines, and translational medicine. Article types include original research, case reports, commentaries, meeting reports, methodology, and perspectives. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic infections may contribute to chronic systemic inflammation, and studies have investigated associations between atherosclerosis and chronic infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the mechanisms remain controversial. Some studies suggest that multiple infectious pathogens, rather than a single pathogen, may be involved in atherosclerosis. Ishizaka et al. reviewed the possible association between atherosclerosis and chronic HCV infection. Saito et al. reported a meta-analysis showing that East Asians have low hsCRP levels, but elevated levels are associated with increased stroke risk. Furuhashi et al. reviewed the association between atherosclerosis and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), which is linked to obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Sex hormones may influence atherosclerosis, with estrogen having anti-inflammatory effects. Fairweather et al. reviewed sex differences in the inflammatory immune response during atherosclerosis. Systemic inflammation destabilizes atherosclerotic plaques, and imaging techniques like 18F-FDG-PET/CT are used to evaluate atherosclerosis and inflammation. Alie et al. reviewed the clinical usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for non-invasive evaluation. A modern lifestyle with high fat diets and lack of physical activity promotes atherosclerosis. Obesity and high fat diets are associated with chronic inflammation. Oxidative modification of LDL increases inflammatory potential, and dietary antioxidants may prevent LDL oxidation. Saita et al. reviewed the preventative effects of antioxidant foods on atherosclerosis and CAD. Green tea consumption is associated with reduced CAD risk. Ohmori et al. reported the association between green tea consumption and MI in Japanese patients. Inflammation is recognized as a key factor in atherosclerosis, but modulating inflammation to prevent or treat atherosclerosis remains challenging. The supplement includes new research and timely reviews on inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CAD.