This review discusses the role of inflammation in bone repair and healing, emphasizing the complex interactions between inflammatory cells and bone healing cells. Inflammation is a critical component of the healing process, with acute inflammation initiating the healing response and chronic inflammation potentially impairing it. The processes of bone healing involve interactions between inflammatory cells (such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast lineage cells) and bone healing cells (such as mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage and vascular lineage cells). These interactions are essential for bone formation, repair, and remodeling. The review highlights the importance of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bone healing and the potential for modulating inflammation to improve clinical outcomes in bone repair. It also discusses the types of fracture healing, the stages of fracture healing, and the failure to heal, emphasizing the role of inflammatory cells and bone cells in the process. The review further explores the interactions between inflammatory cells and bone cells, the role of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone remodeling, and the modulation of inflammation to enhance bone repair. Finally, the review outlines opportunities for enhancing bone repair by modulating inflammation, including the treatment of fragility fractures, fracture non-unions, osseointegration of implants, and reconstruction using bone grafts and tissue engineering. The review concludes that understanding the interplay between inflammation and bone healing is crucial for developing new strategies to improve bone repair and healing.This review discusses the role of inflammation in bone repair and healing, emphasizing the complex interactions between inflammatory cells and bone healing cells. Inflammation is a critical component of the healing process, with acute inflammation initiating the healing response and chronic inflammation potentially impairing it. The processes of bone healing involve interactions between inflammatory cells (such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast lineage cells) and bone healing cells (such as mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage and vascular lineage cells). These interactions are essential for bone formation, repair, and remodeling. The review highlights the importance of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bone healing and the potential for modulating inflammation to improve clinical outcomes in bone repair. It also discusses the types of fracture healing, the stages of fracture healing, and the failure to heal, emphasizing the role of inflammatory cells and bone cells in the process. The review further explores the interactions between inflammatory cells and bone cells, the role of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone remodeling, and the modulation of inflammation to enhance bone repair. Finally, the review outlines opportunities for enhancing bone repair by modulating inflammation, including the treatment of fragility fractures, fracture non-unions, osseointegration of implants, and reconstruction using bone grafts and tissue engineering. The review concludes that understanding the interplay between inflammation and bone healing is crucial for developing new strategies to improve bone repair and healing.