Inflammation plays a dual role in cancer progression, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth. Chronic inflammation can enhance tumor progression and treatment resistance, while acute inflammation can stimulate dendritic cell maturation and anti-tumor immune responses. Multiple signaling pathways, inflammatory factors, and metabolites regulate inflammation and its resolution. Strategies such as local irradiation, cytokine therapy, and SPM are being developed to modulate inflammation in cancer treatment. The review discusses the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the interaction between tumor development and inflammatory processes, and potential targets for harnessing inflammation in cancer therapy. Inflammation is a protective response against infection and tissue damage, involving various immune cells and mediators. Acute and chronic inflammation differ in duration and cellular composition. Inflammation involves the recruitment of immune cells, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and the resolution phase involving SPM to restore tissue homeostasis. Inflammatory cells such as vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, T cells, and dendritic cells play critical roles in inflammation. Pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, regulate the inflammatory response. SPM, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are crucial for inflammation resolution. These mediators help in clearing dead cells, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair. Inflammation resolution is essential to prevent chronic inflammation and tissue damage. SPM play a protective role in both acute and chronic inflammation, including in diseases like sepsis, asthma, and Alzheimer's. The review also discusses the role of SPM in viral infections and the potential of SPM as therapeutic agents in cancer and other diseases. Inflammation and immunity are closely linked, with TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs playing key roles in pathogen recognition and immune response. The review highlights the importance of understanding inflammation in cancer therapy and the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for improved treatment outcomes.Inflammation plays a dual role in cancer progression, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth. Chronic inflammation can enhance tumor progression and treatment resistance, while acute inflammation can stimulate dendritic cell maturation and anti-tumor immune responses. Multiple signaling pathways, inflammatory factors, and metabolites regulate inflammation and its resolution. Strategies such as local irradiation, cytokine therapy, and SPM are being developed to modulate inflammation in cancer treatment. The review discusses the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the interaction between tumor development and inflammatory processes, and potential targets for harnessing inflammation in cancer therapy. Inflammation is a protective response against infection and tissue damage, involving various immune cells and mediators. Acute and chronic inflammation differ in duration and cellular composition. Inflammation involves the recruitment of immune cells, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and the resolution phase involving SPM to restore tissue homeostasis. Inflammatory cells such as vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, T cells, and dendritic cells play critical roles in inflammation. Pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, regulate the inflammatory response. SPM, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are crucial for inflammation resolution. These mediators help in clearing dead cells, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair. Inflammation resolution is essential to prevent chronic inflammation and tissue damage. SPM play a protective role in both acute and chronic inflammation, including in diseases like sepsis, asthma, and Alzheimer's. The review also discusses the role of SPM in viral infections and the potential of SPM as therapeutic agents in cancer and other diseases. Inflammation and immunity are closely linked, with TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs playing key roles in pathogen recognition and immune response. The review highlights the importance of understanding inflammation in cancer therapy and the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for improved treatment outcomes.