The article reviews the role of inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), highlighting the biochemical and neuropathological evidence for activated inflammatory pathways in AD brains. It discusses the complex relationship between inflammation and AD, noting that while some inflammatory components promote pathological processes, others may have protective functions. The authors emphasize the need to fine-tune inflammation to delay, prevent, or treat AD. The review covers cellular mediators such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and their roles in AD. It also explores molecular mediators like the complement system, cytokines, chemokines, and pattern recognition receptors. The article discusses the genetic and clinical aspects of inflammation in AD, including epidemiological studies and treatment trials using anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite the promising initial findings, treatment trials have been disappointing, and the authors suggest that further research is needed to understand the complex dynamics of inflammation in AD.The article reviews the role of inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), highlighting the biochemical and neuropathological evidence for activated inflammatory pathways in AD brains. It discusses the complex relationship between inflammation and AD, noting that while some inflammatory components promote pathological processes, others may have protective functions. The authors emphasize the need to fine-tune inflammation to delay, prevent, or treat AD. The review covers cellular mediators such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and their roles in AD. It also explores molecular mediators like the complement system, cytokines, chemokines, and pattern recognition receptors. The article discusses the genetic and clinical aspects of inflammation in AD, including epidemiological studies and treatment trials using anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite the promising initial findings, treatment trials have been disappointing, and the authors suggest that further research is needed to understand the complex dynamics of inflammation in AD.