The paper "Information Technology and the Structuring of Organizations" by Wanda J. Orlikowski and Daniel Robey explores the interaction between organizations and information technology (IT) through a theoretical framework grounded in Anthony Giddens' theory of structuration. The authors argue that IT is both a product of human action and a medium for human action, and that its development and deployment in organizations are social phenomena influenced by both material and social dimensions. The framework integrates subjective and objective elements, addressing the duality of structure proposed by Giddens, which suggests that social systems are shaped by human action and also shape future human action. The paper critiques existing research for its failure to integrate these perspectives and proposes a more comprehensive approach that bridges the gap between macro and micro levels of analysis. It also discusses the role of IT in the three modalities of structuration—interpretive schemes, resources, and norms—and how IT influences these modalities. The authors conclude with an agenda for future research, emphasizing the importance of understanding the organizational process of IT development and the organizational consequences of IT use.The paper "Information Technology and the Structuring of Organizations" by Wanda J. Orlikowski and Daniel Robey explores the interaction between organizations and information technology (IT) through a theoretical framework grounded in Anthony Giddens' theory of structuration. The authors argue that IT is both a product of human action and a medium for human action, and that its development and deployment in organizations are social phenomena influenced by both material and social dimensions. The framework integrates subjective and objective elements, addressing the duality of structure proposed by Giddens, which suggests that social systems are shaped by human action and also shape future human action. The paper critiques existing research for its failure to integrate these perspectives and proposes a more comprehensive approach that bridges the gap between macro and micro levels of analysis. It also discusses the role of IT in the three modalities of structuration—interpretive schemes, resources, and norms—and how IT influences these modalities. The authors conclude with an agenda for future research, emphasizing the importance of understanding the organizational process of IT development and the organizational consequences of IT use.