INFORMATION IN BLACK HOLE RADIATION

INFORMATION IN BLACK HOLE RADIATION

1993 June 17; revised Aug. 24 | Don N. Page
This paper discusses the problem of information loss in black hole radiation, a key issue in quantum gravity. Hawking's original calculation of black hole radiation suggested that information would be lost, leading to a mixed state. However, this conclusion was challenged, and alternative possibilities were proposed, such as information being emitted gradually or stored in a remnant. The author argues that information may not be detectable in perturbative analyses because it could be emitted too slowly or spread out, requiring many measurements. A two-dimensional model of black holes with scalar fields is analyzed, showing that information might not be emitted until the black hole is very small. However, even if information is emitted, it might not be detectable in a perturbative analysis due to the non-analytic nature of the information rate. The paper also examines a toy model of two-dimensional black holes, showing that information might not be emitted in a perturbative analysis. The author concludes that if information is emitted gradually, it would likely be too slow or spread out to be detected by perturbative methods. While no plausible non-perturbative mechanism for information recovery is known, the author suggests that information might be brought out from near the black hole's center to the apparent horizon via quantum fluctuations. The paper emphasizes the difficulty of detecting information in black hole radiation and the need for non-perturbative methods to understand the information paradox. It also highlights the importance of further research into the quantum nature of black holes and the potential for information to be recovered from behind the apparent horizon.This paper discusses the problem of information loss in black hole radiation, a key issue in quantum gravity. Hawking's original calculation of black hole radiation suggested that information would be lost, leading to a mixed state. However, this conclusion was challenged, and alternative possibilities were proposed, such as information being emitted gradually or stored in a remnant. The author argues that information may not be detectable in perturbative analyses because it could be emitted too slowly or spread out, requiring many measurements. A two-dimensional model of black holes with scalar fields is analyzed, showing that information might not be emitted until the black hole is very small. However, even if information is emitted, it might not be detectable in a perturbative analysis due to the non-analytic nature of the information rate. The paper also examines a toy model of two-dimensional black holes, showing that information might not be emitted in a perturbative analysis. The author concludes that if information is emitted gradually, it would likely be too slow or spread out to be detected by perturbative methods. While no plausible non-perturbative mechanism for information recovery is known, the author suggests that information might be brought out from near the black hole's center to the apparent horizon via quantum fluctuations. The paper emphasizes the difficulty of detecting information in black hole radiation and the need for non-perturbative methods to understand the information paradox. It also highlights the importance of further research into the quantum nature of black holes and the potential for information to be recovered from behind the apparent horizon.
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