Information scrambling – a quantum thermodynamic perspective

Information scrambling – a quantum thermodynamic perspective

10 Jan 2024 | AKRAM TOUIL and SEBASTIAN DEFFNER
Quantum information scrambling is a key phenomenon in quantum many-body systems, characterized by the rapid dispersion of localized information, leading to complex entanglement and correlations. This process is central to understanding quantum chaos, thermalization, and the behavior of quantum systems in extreme environments. From a thermodynamic perspective, scrambling is linked to the treatment of information as a thermodynamic resource, with implications for black hole physics, quantum computing, and quantum thermodynamics. The Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlator (OTOC) is a prominent tool for diagnosing scrambling, measuring the growth of operator commutators over time. It has been widely used to study scrambling in various systems, including the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, which exhibits maximal scrambling in the large-N limit. The OTOC has also been experimentally verified in systems like ion traps, superconducting qubits, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Other quantifiers, such as mutual information and tripartite mutual information (TMI), provide insights into the distribution of information among subsystems and the role of quantum entanglement in scrambling. These measures are crucial for understanding the thermodynamics of scrambling, linking it to stochastic thermodynamic quantities and the irreversible entropy production in open systems. Scrambling in open systems is influenced by environmental interactions, leading to decoherence and affecting the rate and nature of scrambling. Studies have shown that the mutual information can be used to quantify scrambling, with maximal scrambling corresponding to a maximum mutual information. The dynamics of mutual information in open systems reveal the interplay between subsystems and the environment, highlighting the role of thermalization and dissipation. Quantum information scrambling has broad applications in quantum computing, error correction, many-body localization, and quantum metrology. It plays a crucial role in developing robust quantum systems and enhancing the precision of quantum measurements. Future research aims to deepen the understanding of scrambling from a thermodynamic perspective, exploring its implications for quantum technologies and fundamental physics.Quantum information scrambling is a key phenomenon in quantum many-body systems, characterized by the rapid dispersion of localized information, leading to complex entanglement and correlations. This process is central to understanding quantum chaos, thermalization, and the behavior of quantum systems in extreme environments. From a thermodynamic perspective, scrambling is linked to the treatment of information as a thermodynamic resource, with implications for black hole physics, quantum computing, and quantum thermodynamics. The Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlator (OTOC) is a prominent tool for diagnosing scrambling, measuring the growth of operator commutators over time. It has been widely used to study scrambling in various systems, including the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, which exhibits maximal scrambling in the large-N limit. The OTOC has also been experimentally verified in systems like ion traps, superconducting qubits, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Other quantifiers, such as mutual information and tripartite mutual information (TMI), provide insights into the distribution of information among subsystems and the role of quantum entanglement in scrambling. These measures are crucial for understanding the thermodynamics of scrambling, linking it to stochastic thermodynamic quantities and the irreversible entropy production in open systems. Scrambling in open systems is influenced by environmental interactions, leading to decoherence and affecting the rate and nature of scrambling. Studies have shown that the mutual information can be used to quantify scrambling, with maximal scrambling corresponding to a maximum mutual information. The dynamics of mutual information in open systems reveal the interplay between subsystems and the environment, highlighting the role of thermalization and dissipation. Quantum information scrambling has broad applications in quantum computing, error correction, many-body localization, and quantum metrology. It plays a crucial role in developing robust quantum systems and enhancing the precision of quantum measurements. Future research aims to deepen the understanding of scrambling from a thermodynamic perspective, exploring its implications for quantum technologies and fundamental physics.
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