Plastic debris, especially microplastics, is widespread in aquatic environments and poses significant risks to marine life. This study investigates the effects of ingesting plastic on fish, focusing on the bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals and resulting health impacts. Fish exposed to plastic fragments, particularly those containing sorbed pollutants, showed increased concentrations of persistent bioaccumulative toxins (PBTs) and liver toxicity. The study used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism, exposing them to diets containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic. Results indicated that fish fed marine plastic had higher levels of PBTs compared to those fed virgin plastic or a control diet. Liver histopathology revealed signs of stress, including glycogen depletion, fatty vacuolation, and single-cell necrosis, with more severe effects in fish exposed to marine plastic. The study also found that plastic ingestion can transfer hazardous chemicals to fish, leading to hepatic stress and potential long-term health effects. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex mixture of plastic and associated pollutants when assessing risks to aquatic ecosystems. The research underscores the need for further studies to understand the broader implications of plastic pollution on wildlife health and to develop effective mitigation strategies.Plastic debris, especially microplastics, is widespread in aquatic environments and poses significant risks to marine life. This study investigates the effects of ingesting plastic on fish, focusing on the bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals and resulting health impacts. Fish exposed to plastic fragments, particularly those containing sorbed pollutants, showed increased concentrations of persistent bioaccumulative toxins (PBTs) and liver toxicity. The study used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism, exposing them to diets containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic. Results indicated that fish fed marine plastic had higher levels of PBTs compared to those fed virgin plastic or a control diet. Liver histopathology revealed signs of stress, including glycogen depletion, fatty vacuolation, and single-cell necrosis, with more severe effects in fish exposed to marine plastic. The study also found that plastic ingestion can transfer hazardous chemicals to fish, leading to hepatic stress and potential long-term health effects. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex mixture of plastic and associated pollutants when assessing risks to aquatic ecosystems. The research underscores the need for further studies to understand the broader implications of plastic pollution on wildlife health and to develop effective mitigation strategies.