The article reports the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome and presents an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes. The mouse genome sequence is about 14% smaller than the human genome, reflecting a higher rate of deletion in the mouse lineage. The authors discuss various aspects of genome evolution, including the conservation of synteny, the extent of sequence orthology, the proportion of genomes under selection, the number of protein-coding genes, the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity, and the evolution of proteins. They also highlight the identification of intraspecies polymorphism. The mouse genome sequence is freely available in public databases and is accessible through various genome browsers. The article provides a detailed description of the methods used in the sequencing and analysis, emphasizing the importance of comparative genomics in understanding the human genome.The article reports the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome and presents an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes. The mouse genome sequence is about 14% smaller than the human genome, reflecting a higher rate of deletion in the mouse lineage. The authors discuss various aspects of genome evolution, including the conservation of synteny, the extent of sequence orthology, the proportion of genomes under selection, the number of protein-coding genes, the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity, and the evolution of proteins. They also highlight the identification of intraspecies polymorphism. The mouse genome sequence is freely available in public databases and is accessible through various genome browsers. The article provides a detailed description of the methods used in the sequencing and analysis, emphasizing the importance of comparative genomics in understanding the human genome.