The article discusses the innate immune response to influenza virus infection, focusing on the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the subsequent signaling pathways that lead to antiviral and inflammatory responses. Key PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I, and NLRs are highlighted for their roles in detecting viral components and initiating immune responses. Type I interferons (IFNs) are crucial for limiting viral replication and enhancing adaptive immune responses. The article also explores the balance between antiviral resistance and disease tolerance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms that promote viral clearance while minimizing host damage. Additionally, it reviews the role of various innate cytokines and soluble factors in mediating protective versus pathogenic innate immune responses, and discusses the potential of these mechanisms for therapeutic intervention in influenza virus infection.The article discusses the innate immune response to influenza virus infection, focusing on the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the subsequent signaling pathways that lead to antiviral and inflammatory responses. Key PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I, and NLRs are highlighted for their roles in detecting viral components and initiating immune responses. Type I interferons (IFNs) are crucial for limiting viral replication and enhancing adaptive immune responses. The article also explores the balance between antiviral resistance and disease tolerance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms that promote viral clearance while minimizing host damage. Additionally, it reviews the role of various innate cytokines and soluble factors in mediating protective versus pathogenic innate immune responses, and discusses the potential of these mechanisms for therapeutic intervention in influenza virus infection.