The article "Innovations and Challenges in Adsorption-Based Wastewater Remediation: A Comprehensive Review" by Satyam Satyam and Sanjukta Patra from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India, provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and challenges in adsorption-based wastewater remediation. The authors highlight the escalating emergency of water contamination and the need for effective and sustainable solutions. Traditional adsorbents like activated carbon have laid the groundwork, but their limitations in selectivity, capacity, and sustainability have driven the search for more advanced materials. The review discusses the integration of nanotechnology, advanced material fabrication techniques, and data-driven design enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to create a new generation of optimized, high-performance adsorbents. These advanced materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanostructured polymers, offer higher efficiency, specificity, and reusability in capturing diverse water contaminants. The article also addresses the economic, environmental, and regulatory hurdles that challenge the practical application of advanced adsorption techniques in large-scale water treatment. It explores the potential of AI and ML in improving regeneration efficiency, predicting adsorption behavior under changing conditions, and tailoring materials and processes to enhance effectiveness and eco-friendliness. The review further delves into the historical development of adsorption techniques, the notable progress in the last decade, and the current limitations in adsorption capacity, selectivity, material degradation, recovery and reusability, economic viability, and regulatory and environmental challenges. It provides detailed analyses of these limitations and recent breakthroughs aimed at overcoming them. The article concludes with a discussion on the future directions of adsorbent technology, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to address existing barriers in large-scale water treatment applications. It highlights the transformative potential of advanced materials in setting new benchmarks for water purification technologies and advocates for continued research and development to ensure sustainable and efficient water remediation solutions.The article "Innovations and Challenges in Adsorption-Based Wastewater Remediation: A Comprehensive Review" by Satyam Satyam and Sanjukta Patra from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India, provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and challenges in adsorption-based wastewater remediation. The authors highlight the escalating emergency of water contamination and the need for effective and sustainable solutions. Traditional adsorbents like activated carbon have laid the groundwork, but their limitations in selectivity, capacity, and sustainability have driven the search for more advanced materials. The review discusses the integration of nanotechnology, advanced material fabrication techniques, and data-driven design enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to create a new generation of optimized, high-performance adsorbents. These advanced materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanostructured polymers, offer higher efficiency, specificity, and reusability in capturing diverse water contaminants. The article also addresses the economic, environmental, and regulatory hurdles that challenge the practical application of advanced adsorption techniques in large-scale water treatment. It explores the potential of AI and ML in improving regeneration efficiency, predicting adsorption behavior under changing conditions, and tailoring materials and processes to enhance effectiveness and eco-friendliness. The review further delves into the historical development of adsorption techniques, the notable progress in the last decade, and the current limitations in adsorption capacity, selectivity, material degradation, recovery and reusability, economic viability, and regulatory and environmental challenges. It provides detailed analyses of these limitations and recent breakthroughs aimed at overcoming them. The article concludes with a discussion on the future directions of adsorbent technology, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to address existing barriers in large-scale water treatment applications. It highlights the transformative potential of advanced materials in setting new benchmarks for water purification technologies and advocates for continued research and development to ensure sustainable and efficient water remediation solutions.