This review article examines the recent advances in innovative technologies for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Microplastics, which are synthetic polymers smaller than 5 mm in diameter, pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence and accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The production and release of MPs into the environment are primarily attributed to industrial and commercial activities, as well as the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. The article highlights the importance of understanding the processes involved in MP removal and the effectiveness of various treatment methods. The introduction section discusses the global prevalence of MPs, their sources, and the challenges in their removal from wastewater. It emphasizes the need for effective treatment technologies to mitigate the impact of MPs on the environment and human health. The article then delves into the occurrence of MPs in wastewater, detailing their various forms such as fibers, microbeads, and fragments, and their sources, including cosmetics, exfoliants, and industrial activities. The main body of the article reviews the removal of MPs in WWTPs, focusing on primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes. Primary treatment, including grit chambers and primary settling, is effective in removing larger MPs through surface skimming and sedimentation. Secondary treatment, such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, biofiltration, coagulation, flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), and magnetic extraction, further reduces MPs by integrating biological and physical processes. MBR systems, in particular, have shown high removal efficiencies due to their ability to retain MPs through microfiltration or ultrafiltration. Tertiary treatment, including chlorination, UV-oxidation, ozonation, and membrane filtration, provides additional polishing to remove residual MPs. These methods alter the physical and chemical properties of MPs, leading to their degradation or removal. However, the effectiveness of these methods varies depending on factors such as MP size, shape, and composition. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to optimize treatment technologies and improve the removal of MPs from wastewater. It also highlights the importance of considering the environmental and health impacts of MPs and the role of policymakers and scientists in developing effective remediation strategies.This review article examines the recent advances in innovative technologies for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Microplastics, which are synthetic polymers smaller than 5 mm in diameter, pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence and accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The production and release of MPs into the environment are primarily attributed to industrial and commercial activities, as well as the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. The article highlights the importance of understanding the processes involved in MP removal and the effectiveness of various treatment methods. The introduction section discusses the global prevalence of MPs, their sources, and the challenges in their removal from wastewater. It emphasizes the need for effective treatment technologies to mitigate the impact of MPs on the environment and human health. The article then delves into the occurrence of MPs in wastewater, detailing their various forms such as fibers, microbeads, and fragments, and their sources, including cosmetics, exfoliants, and industrial activities. The main body of the article reviews the removal of MPs in WWTPs, focusing on primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes. Primary treatment, including grit chambers and primary settling, is effective in removing larger MPs through surface skimming and sedimentation. Secondary treatment, such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, biofiltration, coagulation, flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), and magnetic extraction, further reduces MPs by integrating biological and physical processes. MBR systems, in particular, have shown high removal efficiencies due to their ability to retain MPs through microfiltration or ultrafiltration. Tertiary treatment, including chlorination, UV-oxidation, ozonation, and membrane filtration, provides additional polishing to remove residual MPs. These methods alter the physical and chemical properties of MPs, leading to their degradation or removal. However, the effectiveness of these methods varies depending on factors such as MP size, shape, and composition. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to optimize treatment technologies and improve the removal of MPs from wastewater. It also highlights the importance of considering the environmental and health impacts of MPs and the role of policymakers and scientists in developing effective remediation strategies.