This review summarizes recent advances in nano- and micro-structured (NMS) scaffolds for advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES). NMS scaffolds are designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of electrodes by providing a robust structure that supports active materials and facilitates electrochemical reactions. The review discusses the fundamentals, design principles, and advantages of NMS scaffolds, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. It highlights the importance of NMS scaffolds in achieving high energy density, power density, and long cycle life for EES devices such as supercapacitors (SCs), alkali metal-ion batteries (AIBs), and metal-air batteries (MABs). The review also discusses the different types of NMS scaffolds, including flexible, hard stochastic, and hard periodic scaffolds, and their preparation methods. It emphasizes the role of NMS scaffolds in enabling high-performance EES devices by improving ion transport, mechanical robustness, and design flexibility. The review concludes that NMS scaffolds are a promising approach for advancing EES technologies and meeting the growing demand for energy storage solutions.This review summarizes recent advances in nano- and micro-structured (NMS) scaffolds for advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES). NMS scaffolds are designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of electrodes by providing a robust structure that supports active materials and facilitates electrochemical reactions. The review discusses the fundamentals, design principles, and advantages of NMS scaffolds, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. It highlights the importance of NMS scaffolds in achieving high energy density, power density, and long cycle life for EES devices such as supercapacitors (SCs), alkali metal-ion batteries (AIBs), and metal-air batteries (MABs). The review also discusses the different types of NMS scaffolds, including flexible, hard stochastic, and hard periodic scaffolds, and their preparation methods. It emphasizes the role of NMS scaffolds in enabling high-performance EES devices by improving ion transport, mechanical robustness, and design flexibility. The review concludes that NMS scaffolds are a promising approach for advancing EES technologies and meeting the growing demand for energy storage solutions.