This review article focuses on the advancements in nanomedicine for the treatment of brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which has a poor prognosis due to the limited efficacy of current therapies. The article highlights the challenges in treating brain cancers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the high morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors. It discusses the current therapeutic options, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and their limitations, such as poor BBB crossing and off-target toxicities. The review emphasizes the potential of nanocarriers, which can improve drug pharmacokinetics, enhance BBB crossing, and target brain cancer cells more effectively. These nanocarriers can be designed to respond to internal or external stimuli, such as pH changes, hypoxia, or magnetic fields, to trigger drug release at the tumor site. The article also explores various types of nanocarriers, including polymeric, lipid-based, and inorganic systems, and their applications in brain cancer treatment. Polymeric nanocarriers, such as block copolymer micelles, polymersomes, dendrimers, and nanogels, are highlighted for their ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, control drug release, and enhance BBB crossing. Lipid-based systems, including liposomes and solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs), are noted for their stability, biocompatibility, and potential for gene delivery. Inorganic nanocarriers, such as mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), gold nanocarriers (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and porous silicon nanocarriers (pSiNPs), are discussed for their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, making them suitable for drug delivery and imaging. The article concludes by discussing the clinical translation status of these nanocarriers and their potential to revolutionize the treatment of brain cancers by improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects.This review article focuses on the advancements in nanomedicine for the treatment of brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which has a poor prognosis due to the limited efficacy of current therapies. The article highlights the challenges in treating brain cancers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the high morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors. It discusses the current therapeutic options, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and their limitations, such as poor BBB crossing and off-target toxicities. The review emphasizes the potential of nanocarriers, which can improve drug pharmacokinetics, enhance BBB crossing, and target brain cancer cells more effectively. These nanocarriers can be designed to respond to internal or external stimuli, such as pH changes, hypoxia, or magnetic fields, to trigger drug release at the tumor site. The article also explores various types of nanocarriers, including polymeric, lipid-based, and inorganic systems, and their applications in brain cancer treatment. Polymeric nanocarriers, such as block copolymer micelles, polymersomes, dendrimers, and nanogels, are highlighted for their ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, control drug release, and enhance BBB crossing. Lipid-based systems, including liposomes and solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs), are noted for their stability, biocompatibility, and potential for gene delivery. Inorganic nanocarriers, such as mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), gold nanocarriers (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and porous silicon nanocarriers (pSiNPs), are discussed for their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, making them suitable for drug delivery and imaging. The article concludes by discussing the clinical translation status of these nanocarriers and their potential to revolutionize the treatment of brain cancers by improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects.