Joshua Knobe discusses the question of whether a side-effect of an action can be considered intentional. He presents a scenario where a company chairman implements a program that makes money but also has an unintended effect x, which he doesn't care about. The key issue is whether the chairman intentionally caused effect x. Knobe argues that people's judgments about whether a side-effect is intentional depend on their attitude toward the side-effect. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to judge whether the chairman or a lieutenant intentionally caused a harmful or beneficial side-effect. In the harm condition, most participants believed the agent intentionally caused the negative side-effect, while in the help condition, most believed the agent did not. This suggests that people are more likely to say that a negative side-effect was intentional than a positive one. Knobe concludes that people's intuitions about intentionality are influenced by their attitude toward the side-effect, and that the concept of intentional action is not as straightforward as previously thought. The results highlight the importance of considering the moral implications of side-effects when evaluating intentional action.Joshua Knobe discusses the question of whether a side-effect of an action can be considered intentional. He presents a scenario where a company chairman implements a program that makes money but also has an unintended effect x, which he doesn't care about. The key issue is whether the chairman intentionally caused effect x. Knobe argues that people's judgments about whether a side-effect is intentional depend on their attitude toward the side-effect. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to judge whether the chairman or a lieutenant intentionally caused a harmful or beneficial side-effect. In the harm condition, most participants believed the agent intentionally caused the negative side-effect, while in the help condition, most believed the agent did not. This suggests that people are more likely to say that a negative side-effect was intentional than a positive one. Knobe concludes that people's intuitions about intentionality are influenced by their attitude toward the side-effect, and that the concept of intentional action is not as straightforward as previously thought. The results highlight the importance of considering the moral implications of side-effects when evaluating intentional action.