The human intestine hosts a diverse community of microbes that play a crucial role in metabolism and digestion. Disruption of this microbial homeostasis can lead to various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis. The intestinal microbiome is associated with these liver diseases through both qualitative and quantitative dysbiosis, influenced by factors such as diet and alcohol consumption. Dysbiosis results in intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and the translocation of microbial products, which contribute to liver injury and inflammation. Microbial metabolites, particularly ethanol and choline, also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In NAFLD and NASH, changes in the intestinal microbiome can affect the liver via translocated microbial products or absorbed bacterial metabolites. In alcoholic liver disease, the intestinal microbiome contributes to increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, exacerbating liver damage. In cirrhosis, the intestinal microbiome is associated with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and infections, through bacterial translocation and altered bile acid metabolism. Future research should focus on the microbial gene expression, proteins, and metabolites to better understand the interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.The human intestine hosts a diverse community of microbes that play a crucial role in metabolism and digestion. Disruption of this microbial homeostasis can lead to various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, and cirrhosis. The intestinal microbiome is associated with these liver diseases through both qualitative and quantitative dysbiosis, influenced by factors such as diet and alcohol consumption. Dysbiosis results in intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and the translocation of microbial products, which contribute to liver injury and inflammation. Microbial metabolites, particularly ethanol and choline, also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In NAFLD and NASH, changes in the intestinal microbiome can affect the liver via translocated microbial products or absorbed bacterial metabolites. In alcoholic liver disease, the intestinal microbiome contributes to increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, exacerbating liver damage. In cirrhosis, the intestinal microbiome is associated with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and infections, through bacterial translocation and altered bile acid metabolism. Future research should focus on the microbial gene expression, proteins, and metabolites to better understand the interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.