The article reviews the role of interferon (IFN)-inducible antiviral effectors, focusing on four main pathways: the Mx GTPase pathway, the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-synthetase-directed ribonuclease L pathway, the protein kinase R pathway, and the ISG15 ubiquitin-like pathway. These pathways collectively block viral transcription, degrade viral RNA, inhibit translation, and modify protein function to control viral replication. The article highlights the importance of these effector proteins in the antiviral response and discusses their potential roles in additional cellular processes. It also explores the mechanisms of action of ISG15, Mx proteins, RNaseL, and PKR, and their contributions to both innate and adaptive immunity. The review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the detailed mechanisms and specific roles of these antiviral effectors, as well as the broader implications of their functions in disease susceptibility and immune regulation.The article reviews the role of interferon (IFN)-inducible antiviral effectors, focusing on four main pathways: the Mx GTPase pathway, the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-synthetase-directed ribonuclease L pathway, the protein kinase R pathway, and the ISG15 ubiquitin-like pathway. These pathways collectively block viral transcription, degrade viral RNA, inhibit translation, and modify protein function to control viral replication. The article highlights the importance of these effector proteins in the antiviral response and discusses their potential roles in additional cellular processes. It also explores the mechanisms of action of ISG15, Mx proteins, RNaseL, and PKR, and their contributions to both innate and adaptive immunity. The review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the detailed mechanisms and specific roles of these antiviral effectors, as well as the broader implications of their functions in disease susceptibility and immune regulation.