This article investigates the association between interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer. The study, conducted by researchers from the National Cancer Institute and other institutions, found that certain polymorphisms in the IL-1B gene, particularly the IL-1B -31T and IL-1RN*2 alleles, are associated with an increased risk of hypochlorhydria and gastric cancer. These polymorphisms are linked to enhanced production of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The authors suggest that these genetic factors may influence the immune and inflammatory responses to *Helicobacter pylori* infection, leading to chronic gastritis and gastric atrophy, which are precursors to gastric cancer. The study also highlights the importance of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and provides insights into the role of host genetic factors in the development of this disease.This article investigates the association between interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer. The study, conducted by researchers from the National Cancer Institute and other institutions, found that certain polymorphisms in the IL-1B gene, particularly the IL-1B -31T and IL-1RN*2 alleles, are associated with an increased risk of hypochlorhydria and gastric cancer. These polymorphisms are linked to enhanced production of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The authors suggest that these genetic factors may influence the immune and inflammatory responses to *Helicobacter pylori* infection, leading to chronic gastritis and gastric atrophy, which are precursors to gastric cancer. The study also highlights the importance of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and provides insights into the role of host genetic factors in the development of this disease.