Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a crucial role in both acute and chronic inflammation. In acute inflammation, IL-6 is a key stimulator of acute phase proteins and helps control the extent of local and systemic inflammatory responses. However, in chronic inflammation, IL-6 can be both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory, depending on the context. The transition from acute to chronic inflammation is marked by the recruitment of monocytes from neutrophils, facilitated by the IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) complex. This complex activates endothelial cells to secrete chemokines like IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, promoting monocyte recruitment. In chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, IL-6 levels are elevated, and its continuous production can lead to mononuclear cell accumulation, angioproliferation, and anti-apoptotic functions on T cells, contributing to disease progression. Strategies targeting IL-6 and its signaling pathways have shown effectiveness in preventing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases.Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a crucial role in both acute and chronic inflammation. In acute inflammation, IL-6 is a key stimulator of acute phase proteins and helps control the extent of local and systemic inflammatory responses. However, in chronic inflammation, IL-6 can be both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory, depending on the context. The transition from acute to chronic inflammation is marked by the recruitment of monocytes from neutrophils, facilitated by the IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) complex. This complex activates endothelial cells to secrete chemokines like IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, promoting monocyte recruitment. In chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, IL-6 levels are elevated, and its continuous production can lead to mononuclear cell accumulation, angioproliferation, and anti-apoptotic functions on T cells, contributing to disease progression. Strategies targeting IL-6 and its signaling pathways have shown effectiveness in preventing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases.