The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of interoception, its taxonomy, and various related concepts. Interoception is defined as the nervous system's process of sensing, integrating, storing, and representing information about the state of the inner body at both conscious and unconscious levels. It encompasses visceral signaling and broader physiological tissues that relay signals to the central nervous system. Key concepts include: - **Interoceptive Awareness**: The ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, initially introduced by Garner et al. in 1983 to assess eating disorder symptom severity. - **Interoceptive Attention**: The ability to direct attention towards internal body sensations, which can be involuntary or purposefully shifted. - **Interoceptive Detection**: The ability to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus. - **Interoceptive Magnitude**: The intensity with which an internal bodily event is perceived, a continuous variable often measured through subjective reports. - **Interoceptive Discrimination**: The ability to localize and differentiate internal sensations from non-sensations. - **Interoceptive Accuracy**: The precision and correctness of monitoring internal body state, often measured through objective markers and subjective reports. - **Interoceptive Insight**: The metacognitive measure of the correspondence between subjective experience and behavior. - **Interoceptive Sensibility**: The self-perceived tendency to focus on interoceptive stimuli in daily life. - **Interoceptive Self-Report Scales**: Tools used to reflect on and describe interoceptive states through verbal or motor responses. The chapter also includes a supplementary table (S1) listing various paradigms and references related to interoceptive awareness across different physiological systems, such as cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. Additionally, it provides a detailed taxonomy of interoception and its components, along with common measurement examples and references to relevant literature.The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of interoception, its taxonomy, and various related concepts. Interoception is defined as the nervous system's process of sensing, integrating, storing, and representing information about the state of the inner body at both conscious and unconscious levels. It encompasses visceral signaling and broader physiological tissues that relay signals to the central nervous system. Key concepts include: - **Interoceptive Awareness**: The ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, initially introduced by Garner et al. in 1983 to assess eating disorder symptom severity. - **Interoceptive Attention**: The ability to direct attention towards internal body sensations, which can be involuntary or purposefully shifted. - **Interoceptive Detection**: The ability to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus. - **Interoceptive Magnitude**: The intensity with which an internal bodily event is perceived, a continuous variable often measured through subjective reports. - **Interoceptive Discrimination**: The ability to localize and differentiate internal sensations from non-sensations. - **Interoceptive Accuracy**: The precision and correctness of monitoring internal body state, often measured through objective markers and subjective reports. - **Interoceptive Insight**: The metacognitive measure of the correspondence between subjective experience and behavior. - **Interoceptive Sensibility**: The self-perceived tendency to focus on interoceptive stimuli in daily life. - **Interoceptive Self-Report Scales**: Tools used to reflect on and describe interoceptive states through verbal or motor responses. The chapter also includes a supplementary table (S1) listing various paradigms and references related to interoceptive awareness across different physiological systems, such as cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. Additionally, it provides a detailed taxonomy of interoception and its components, along with common measurement examples and references to relevant literature.