This systematic review, published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2017, evaluates interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. The review aims to estimate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions and to investigate the impact of two intervention functions: restriction and enablement. The authors searched multiple databases and included 221 studies (58 RCTs and 163 NRS) from various regions, primarily North America and Europe. The main findings indicate that interventions led to a higher compliance with antibiotic policies and a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment. There was no significant increase in mortality, and interventions likely reduced hospital length of stay. Both enablement and restriction techniques were effective, with enablement enhancing the effect of restrictive interventions. Feedback was found to be more effective when included in enabling interventions. The review concludes that interventions can safely reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in hospitals, despite the majority not employing widely adopted behavior change techniques. Future research should focus on unintended consequences of restrictive interventions and explore barriers and facilitators to implementation.This systematic review, published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2017, evaluates interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. The review aims to estimate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions and to investigate the impact of two intervention functions: restriction and enablement. The authors searched multiple databases and included 221 studies (58 RCTs and 163 NRS) from various regions, primarily North America and Europe. The main findings indicate that interventions led to a higher compliance with antibiotic policies and a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment. There was no significant increase in mortality, and interventions likely reduced hospital length of stay. Both enablement and restriction techniques were effective, with enablement enhancing the effect of restrictive interventions. Feedback was found to be more effective when included in enabling interventions. The review concludes that interventions can safely reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in hospitals, despite the majority not employing widely adopted behavior change techniques. Future research should focus on unintended consequences of restrictive interventions and explore barriers and facilitators to implementation.