Invasive mammalian predators are the most damaging group of alien animal species for global biodiversity, responsible for the extinction or endangerment of 738 vertebrate species, including 87 bird, 45 mammal, and 10 reptile species—58% of all modern extinctions in these groups. These figures are likely underestimated, as 23 critically endangered species are classified as "possibly extinct." Invasive predators also threaten 596 species at risk of extinction, with cats, rodents, dogs, and pigs being the most significant threats. Species most at risk are highly evolutionarily distinct and inhabit insular environments, indicating that managing invasive predators on islands should be a global conservation priority. Understanding and mitigating the impact of invasive predators is essential for reducing global biodiversity loss. Invasive predators such as cats, rats, foxes, dogs, and pigs have caused widespread extinctions and endangerment, particularly in insular regions. The impacts of invasive predators vary by species, with cats and rodents threatening the most species, followed by dogs, pigs, and small Indian mongooses. The severity of predator impacts is higher for birds and mammals compared to reptiles. Insular endemic species are most vulnerable, accounting for 87% of extinct species and 81% of threatened/extinct species. Evolutionarily distinct species are most affected, highlighting the role of invasive predators in irreversible loss of phylogenetic diversity. The study used a meta-analysis approach to assess the impacts of invasive predators on bird, mammal, and reptile species, revealing that invasive predators are responsible for a significant proportion of modern extinctions. The findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation efforts, particularly on islands, and the importance of research to better understand and mitigate the impacts of invasive predators. The study also highlights the need for improved data on reptile species and the importance of whole-ecosystem approaches in predator eradication efforts. Overall, invasive mammalian predators are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, and their management is critical for conservation.Invasive mammalian predators are the most damaging group of alien animal species for global biodiversity, responsible for the extinction or endangerment of 738 vertebrate species, including 87 bird, 45 mammal, and 10 reptile species—58% of all modern extinctions in these groups. These figures are likely underestimated, as 23 critically endangered species are classified as "possibly extinct." Invasive predators also threaten 596 species at risk of extinction, with cats, rodents, dogs, and pigs being the most significant threats. Species most at risk are highly evolutionarily distinct and inhabit insular environments, indicating that managing invasive predators on islands should be a global conservation priority. Understanding and mitigating the impact of invasive predators is essential for reducing global biodiversity loss. Invasive predators such as cats, rats, foxes, dogs, and pigs have caused widespread extinctions and endangerment, particularly in insular regions. The impacts of invasive predators vary by species, with cats and rodents threatening the most species, followed by dogs, pigs, and small Indian mongooses. The severity of predator impacts is higher for birds and mammals compared to reptiles. Insular endemic species are most vulnerable, accounting for 87% of extinct species and 81% of threatened/extinct species. Evolutionarily distinct species are most affected, highlighting the role of invasive predators in irreversible loss of phylogenetic diversity. The study used a meta-analysis approach to assess the impacts of invasive predators on bird, mammal, and reptile species, revealing that invasive predators are responsible for a significant proportion of modern extinctions. The findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation efforts, particularly on islands, and the importance of research to better understand and mitigate the impacts of invasive predators. The study also highlights the need for improved data on reptile species and the importance of whole-ecosystem approaches in predator eradication efforts. Overall, invasive mammalian predators are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, and their management is critical for conservation.