| Urte Scholz, Benicio Gutiérrez Doña, Shonali Sud, Ralf Schwarzer
The General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale measures a person's belief in their ability to handle challenging situations. This study examines the psychometric properties of the GSE scale across 25 countries, involving 19,120 participants. The research investigates whether the scale is culturally equivalent and unidimensional. The findings confirm that the GSE scale is a unidimensional construct, suggesting it is a universal measure of self-efficacy. The scale showed good reliability and internal consistency across different cultures, with the highest reliability in Japan and the lowest in India. The study also found significant differences in GSE scores between countries and genders, with Costa Ricans scoring the highest and Japanese the lowest. These differences may be due to cultural factors, methodological differences, or sampling biases. The study supports the validity of the GSE scale as a universal measure of self-efficacy, although further research is needed to understand the cultural and contextual factors influencing these differences. The results indicate that the GSE scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-efficacy across diverse populations.The General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale measures a person's belief in their ability to handle challenging situations. This study examines the psychometric properties of the GSE scale across 25 countries, involving 19,120 participants. The research investigates whether the scale is culturally equivalent and unidimensional. The findings confirm that the GSE scale is a unidimensional construct, suggesting it is a universal measure of self-efficacy. The scale showed good reliability and internal consistency across different cultures, with the highest reliability in Japan and the lowest in India. The study also found significant differences in GSE scores between countries and genders, with Costa Ricans scoring the highest and Japanese the lowest. These differences may be due to cultural factors, methodological differences, or sampling biases. The study supports the validity of the GSE scale as a universal measure of self-efficacy, although further research is needed to understand the cultural and contextual factors influencing these differences. The results indicate that the GSE scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-efficacy across diverse populations.