Isometric Exercise Training and Arterial Hypertension: An Updated Review

Isometric Exercise Training and Arterial Hypertension: An Updated Review

19 May 2024 | Jamie J. Edwards¹, Damian A. Coleman¹, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias², Breno Q. Farah³, David J. Stensel⁴,⁵,⁶,⁷, Sam J. E. Lucas⁸, Philip J. Millar⁹, Ben D. H. Gordon¹⁰, Véronique Cornelissen¹¹, Neil A. Smart¹², Debra J. Carlson¹³, Cheri McGowan¹⁴, Ian Swaine¹⁵, Linda S. Pescatello¹⁶, Reuben Howden¹⁷, Stewart Bruce-Low¹⁸, Christopher K. T. Farmer¹⁹, Paul Leeson²⁰, Rajan Sharma²¹, Jamie M. O’Driscoll¹,²¹
Isometric exercise training (IET) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for managing arterial hypertension (HTN). This review highlights the efficacy of IET in reducing blood pressure (BP), with evidence suggesting it is more effective than traditional aerobic and resistance training. Despite its potential, IET is underutilized in clinical practice. The review explores the mechanisms, protocols, and evidence supporting IET's anti-hypertensive effects, emphasizing its role as an adjuvant in BP management. Key findings include significant reductions in resting and ambulatory BP, with IET showing greater effectiveness than traditional guidelines in some cases. The wall squat protocol is most effective, followed by handgrip and leg extension. IET is practical, requiring minimal equipment and offering flexibility in settings. However, adherence and long-term effectiveness require further study. The review also addresses limitations, including variability in response among individuals, the need for larger studies, and the importance of considering sex and ethnicity in IET research. Overall, IET shows promise as a viable alternative to pharmacological treatment, but more research is needed to optimize its implementation and ensure its effectiveness across diverse populations.Isometric exercise training (IET) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for managing arterial hypertension (HTN). This review highlights the efficacy of IET in reducing blood pressure (BP), with evidence suggesting it is more effective than traditional aerobic and resistance training. Despite its potential, IET is underutilized in clinical practice. The review explores the mechanisms, protocols, and evidence supporting IET's anti-hypertensive effects, emphasizing its role as an adjuvant in BP management. Key findings include significant reductions in resting and ambulatory BP, with IET showing greater effectiveness than traditional guidelines in some cases. The wall squat protocol is most effective, followed by handgrip and leg extension. IET is practical, requiring minimal equipment and offering flexibility in settings. However, adherence and long-term effectiveness require further study. The review also addresses limitations, including variability in response among individuals, the need for larger studies, and the importance of considering sex and ethnicity in IET research. Overall, IET shows promise as a viable alternative to pharmacological treatment, but more research is needed to optimize its implementation and ensure its effectiveness across diverse populations.
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