JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy of the Remarkable Bright Galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 at Redshift 12.34

JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy of the Remarkable Bright Galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 at Redshift 12.34

3 Jul 2024 | Marco Castellano, Lorenzo Napolitano, Adriano Fontana, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Eros Vanzella, Jorge A. Zavala, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Antonello Calabrò, Mario Llerena, Sara Mascia, Emilio Merlin, Diego París, Laura Pentericci, Paola Santini, Tom J.L.C. Baxk, Pietro Bergamini, Guido Cúpani, Mark Dickinson, Alexei V. Filippenko, Karl Glazebrook, Claudio Grillo, Patrick L. Kelly, Matthew A. Malkan, Charlotte A. Mason, Takahiro Morishita, Themia Nanyakkara, Piero Rosati, Eleonora Sani, Xin Wang, Ilsang Yoon
The paper presents the spectroscopic confirmation and characterization of the galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12, which was initially discovered through NIRCam photometry in the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science (ERS) data. The galaxy is located at a redshift of 12.34 and has an estimated UV magnitude of $M_{\text{UV}} = -20.5$ mag. The NIRSpec PRISM spectrum of GHZ2 reveals the detection of several emission lines, including N IV, C IV, He II, O III, C III, O II, and Ne III, with the prominent C IV line showing an equivalent width (EW) of approximately 46 Å, placing it among the extreme C IV emitters. The UV line ratios are consistent with both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation in low/intermediate redshift environments, with the low [Ne IV]/[N IV] ratio favoring a stellar origin for the ionizing photons. The authors discuss a scenario where the high ionizing output is due to low-metallicity stars forming in a dense environment, estimating a metallicity of $\lesssim 0.1$ Z/Z⊙, a high ionization parameter $\log U > -2$, a N/O abundance 4–5 times solar, and a subsolar C/O ratio similar to nitrogen-enhanced objects. Given its abundance patterns and high stellar mass density, GHZ2 is an ideal site for the formation of globular clusters and provides valuable insights into galaxy formation just 360 million years after the Big Bang.The paper presents the spectroscopic confirmation and characterization of the galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12, which was initially discovered through NIRCam photometry in the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science (ERS) data. The galaxy is located at a redshift of 12.34 and has an estimated UV magnitude of $M_{\text{UV}} = -20.5$ mag. The NIRSpec PRISM spectrum of GHZ2 reveals the detection of several emission lines, including N IV, C IV, He II, O III, C III, O II, and Ne III, with the prominent C IV line showing an equivalent width (EW) of approximately 46 Å, placing it among the extreme C IV emitters. The UV line ratios are consistent with both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation in low/intermediate redshift environments, with the low [Ne IV]/[N IV] ratio favoring a stellar origin for the ionizing photons. The authors discuss a scenario where the high ionizing output is due to low-metallicity stars forming in a dense environment, estimating a metallicity of $\lesssim 0.1$ Z/Z⊙, a high ionization parameter $\log U > -2$, a N/O abundance 4–5 times solar, and a subsolar C/O ratio similar to nitrogen-enhanced objects. Given its abundance patterns and high stellar mass density, GHZ2 is an ideal site for the formation of globular clusters and provides valuable insights into galaxy formation just 360 million years after the Big Bang.
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[slides and audio] JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy of the Remarkable Bright Galaxy GHZ2%2FGLASS-z12 at Redshift 12.34